Accelerations (ACC) and decelerations (DEC) are important and frequent actions in soccer. We aimed to investigate whether ACC and DEC were good indicators of the variation of training loads in elite women soccer players. Changes in the training load were monitored during two different selected weeks (considered a “low week” and a “heavy week”) during the in-season. Twelve elite soccer women playing in the French first division wore a 10-Hz Global Positioning System unit recording total distance, distance within speed ranges, sprint number, ACC, DEC, and a heart rate monitor during six soccer training sessions and rated their perceived exertion (RPE). They answered the Hooper questionnaire (sleep, stress, fatigue, DOMS) to get an insight of their subjective fitness level at the start (Hooper S) and at the end of each week (Hooper E). A countermovement jump (CMJ) was also performed once a week. During the heavy week, the training load was significantly greater than the low week when considering number of ACC >2 m·s⁻² (28.2 ± 11.9 vs. 56.1 ± 10.1, p < 0.001) and number of DEC < −2 m·s⁻² (31.5 ± 13.4 vs. 60.9 ± 14.4, p < 0.001). The mean heart rate percentage (HR%) (p < 0.05), RPE (p < 0.001), and Hooper E (p < 0.001) were significantly greater during the heavy week. ACC and DEC showed significant correlations with most outcomes: HR%, total distance, distance per min, sprint number, Hooper index of Hooper E, DOMS E, Fatigue E, RPE, and session RPE. We concluded that, for elite women soccer players, quantifying ACC and DEC alongside other indicators seemed to be essential for a more complete training load monitoring. Indeed, it could lead to a better understanding of the reasons why athletes get fatigued and give insight into neuromuscular, rather than only energetic, fatigue.

中文翻译：

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量化精英女子足球运动员在常规赛季训练期间的加速和减速作为训练负荷的指标

加速 (ACC) 和减速 (DEC) 是足球中重要且频繁的动作。我们旨在调查 ACC 和 DEC 是否是精英女子足球运动员训练负荷变化的良好指标。在赛季中的两个不同的选定周（被认为是“低周”和“重周”）监测训练负荷的变化。在法国甲级联赛中踢球的 12 名精英足球女子穿着 10 赫兹全球定位系统装置，记录总距离、速度范围内的距离、冲刺次数、ACC、DEC 和心率监测器，并在六次足球训练课程中评估她们的感知消耗(RPE)。他们回答了胡珀问卷（睡眠、压力、疲劳、DOMS），以了解他们在开始（胡珀 S）和每周结束时（胡珀 E）的主观健康水平。每周还进行一次反向跳跃（CMJ）。重周时，考虑ACC>2 m·s的次数时，训练负荷显着大于低周^-2 (28.2 ± 11.9 vs. 56.1 ± 10.1, p < 0.001) 和 DEC 数 < -2 m·s ^-2 (31.5 ± 13.4 vs. 60.9 ± 14.4, p < 0.001)。平均心率百分比 (HR%) ( p < 0.05)、RPE ( p < 0.001) 和 Hooper E ( p< 0.001) 在繁忙的一周中显着增加。ACC 和 DEC 与大多数结果显着相关：HR%、总距离、每分钟距离、冲刺次数、Hooper E 的 Hooper 指数、DOMS E、疲劳 E、RPE 和会话 RPE。我们得出的结论是，对于精英女子足球运动员来说，量化 ACC 和 DEC 以及其他指标似乎对于更完整的训练负荷监控至关重要。事实上，它可以更好地理解运动员疲劳的原因，并深入了解神经肌肉疲劳，而不仅仅是精力充沛的疲劳。