Understanding our Galaxy’s structure, formation, and evolution will, over the next decades, continue to benefit from the wonderful large survey by Gaia, for astrometric, kinematic, and spectroscopic characterization, and by large spectroscopic surveys for chemical characterization. The weak link for full exploitation of these data is age characterization, and stellar age estimation relies predominantly on mass estimates. The ideas presented in this White Paper shows that a seismology survey is the way out of this situation and a natural complement to existing and planned surveys. These ideas are strongly rooted in the past decade’s experience of the so-called Seismology revolution, initiated with CoRoT and Kepler. The case of red giant stars is used here as the best current illustration of what we can expect from seismology for large samples, but premises for similar developments exist in various other classes of stars covering other ranges of age or mass. Whatever the star considered, the first information provided by stellar pulsations is always related to the mean density and thus to the mass (and age). In order to satisfy the need for long-duration and all-sky coverage, we rely on a new instrumental concept which decouples integration time and sampling time. We thus propose a long (~1 year) all-sky survey which would perfectly fit between TESS, PLATO, and the Rubin Observatory (previously known as LSST) surveys to offer a time domain complement to the current and planned astrometric and spectroscopic surveys. The fine characterization of host stars is also a key aspect for the interpretation and exploitation of the various projects -- anticipated in the framework of the Voyage 2050 programme -- searching for atmospheric characterization of terrestrial planets or, more specifically, looking for a signature of life, in distant planets.

在接下来的几十年里，了​​解我们银河系的结构、形成和演化将继续受益于盖亚的精彩大型巡天，用于天体测量、运动学和光谱表征，以及通过大型光谱巡天进行化学表征。充分利用这些数据的薄弱环节是年龄特征，而恒星年龄估计主要依赖于质量估计。本白皮书中提出的想法表明，地震学调查是摆脱这种情况的方法，是对现有和计划调查的自然补充。这些想法深深植根于过去十年由 CoRoT 和Kepler发起的所谓地震学革命的经验. 红巨星的案例在这里被用作我们可以从大样本的地震学中期望得到的最好的当前例证，但类似发展的前提存在于涵盖其他年龄或质量范围的各种其他类别的恒星中。不管是什么恒星，恒星脉动提供的第一个信息总是与平均密度有关，因此与质量（和年龄）有关。为了满足长时间和全天空覆盖的需要，我们依靠一种新的仪器概念，将积分时间和采样时间解耦。因此，我们提出了一项长期（约 1 年）的全天巡天计划，它完全适合 TESS、PLATO 和鲁宾天文台（以前称为 LSST）巡天，为当前和计划中的天体测量和光谱巡天提供时域补充。