Teleost fish have been traditionally considered primitive vertebrates compared to mammals and birds in regard to brain complexity and behavioral functions. However, an increasing amount of evidence suggests that teleosts show advanced cognitive capabilities including spatial navigation skills that parallel those of land vertebrates. Teleost fish rely on a multiplicity of sensory cues and can use a variety of spatial strategies for navigation, ranging from relatively simple body-centered orientation responses to allocentric or “external world-centered” navigation, likely based on map-like relational memory representations of the environment. These distinct spatial strategies are based on separate brain mechanisms. For example, a crucial brain center for egocentric orientation in teleost fish is the optic tectum, which can be considered an essential hub in a wider brain network responsible for the generation of egocentrically referenced actions in space. In contrast, other brain centers, such as the dorsolateral telencephalic pallium of teleost fish, considered homologue to the hippocampal pallium of land vertebrates, seem to be crucial for allocentric navigation based on map-like spatial memory. Such hypothetical relational memory representations endow fish’s spatial behavior with considerable navigational flexibility, allowing them, for example, to perform shortcuts and detours.

中文翻译：

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硬骨鱼的空间认知：策略和机制

在大脑复杂性和行为功能方面，与哺乳动物和鸟类相比，硬骨鱼传统上被认为是原始脊椎动物。然而，越来越多的证据表明，硬骨鱼表现出先进的认知能力，包括与陆地脊椎动物平行的空间导航技能。硬骨鱼依赖多种感官线索，可以使用多种空间策略进行导航，从相对简单的以身体为中心的定向响应到异中心或“以外部世界为中心”的导航，可能基于类似地图的关系记忆表示环境。这些不同的空间策略基于不同的大脑机制。例如，硬骨鱼以自我为中心的一个关键大脑中心是视顶盖，它可以被认为是更广泛的大脑网络中的一个重要枢纽，负责在空间中产生以自我为中心的参考动作。相比之下，其他大脑中心，例如硬骨鱼的背外侧端脑皮层，被认为与陆地脊椎动物的海马皮层同源，似乎对于基于地图式空间记忆的异心导航至关重要。这种假设的关系记忆表示赋予鱼的空间行为相当大的导航灵活性，例如，允许它们执行捷径和绕道。似乎对于基于类似地图的空间记忆的异中心导航至关重要。这种假设的关系记忆表示赋予鱼的空间行为相当大的导航灵活性，例如，允许它们执行捷径和绕道。似乎对于基于类似地图的空间记忆的异中心导航至关重要。这种假设的关系记忆表示赋予鱼的空间行为相当大的导航灵活性，例如，允许它们执行捷径和绕道。