Hydrogels have been widely investigated in biomedical fields due to their similar physical and biochemical properties to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) are the main components of the ECM in many tissues. As a result, hydrogels prepared from collagen and HA hold inherent advantages in mimicking the structure and function of the native ECM. Numerous studies have focused on the development of collagen and HA hydrogels and their biomedical applications. In this extensive review, we provide a summary and analysis of the sources, features, and modifications of collagen and HA. Specifically, we highlight the fabrication, properties, and potential biomedical applications as well as promising commercialization of hydrogels based on these two natural polymers.

水凝胶由于其与细胞外基质（ECM）相似的物理和生化特性而在生物医学领域得到了广泛的研究。胶原蛋白和透明质酸 (HA) 是许多组织中 ECM 的主要成分。因此，由胶原蛋白和HA制备的水凝胶在模仿天然ECM的结构和功能方面具有固有的优势。许多研究都集中在胶原蛋白和透明质酸水凝胶的开发及其生物医学应用上。在这篇广泛的综述中，我们对胶原蛋白和透明质酸的来源、特征和修饰进行了总结和分析。具体来说，我们重点介绍了基于这两种天然聚合物的水凝胶的制造、性能和潜在的生物医学应用以及有前景的商业化。