The current study focused on longitudinal effects of genetics and parental behaviors and their interplay on externalizing behaviors in a panel study following individuals from adolescence to young adulthood. The nationally representative sample of Add Health participants of European ancestry included N = 4142 individuals, measured on three occasions. Parenting was operationalized as experiences with child maltreatment and maternal closeness. Externalizing problems were operationalized as alcohol use, cannabis use, and antisocial behaviors. Genetic effects were operationalized as a polygenic score (PGS) of risky behaviors. The results showed significant effects for child maltreatment, maternal closeness, and PGS, above and beyond other factors and previous levels of externalizing behaviors. Furthermore, maternal closeness was found to negatively correlate with PGS. No significant interaction effects of parenting and PGS were found. The results underscore the joint independent effects of parenting and genetics on the change in externalizing behaviors from adolescence to young adulthood.

目前的研究侧重于遗传和父母行为的纵向影响及其对从青春期到青年期的个体进行的小组研究中外化行为的相互作用。具有欧洲血统的 Add Health 参与者的全国代表性样本包括N = 4142 个人，测量了 3 次。育儿作为虐待儿童和母亲亲近的经历被实施。外化问题被操作化为酒精使用、大麻使用和反社会行为。遗传效应被操作为风险行为的多基因评分（PGS）。结果表明，虐待儿童、母亲亲密度和 PGS 的显着影响超过了其他因素和先前的外化行为水平。此外，发现母体亲密度与 PGS 呈负相关。没有发现养育和PGS的显着交互作用。结果强调了育儿和遗传对从青春期到青年期外化行为变化的联合独立影响。