Epigenetic variation associated with responses to different habitats in the context of genetic divergence in Phragmites australis,Ecology and Evolution

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Epigenetic variation associated with responses to different habitats in the context of genetic divergence in Phragmites australis
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-30 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7954
Tian Qiu _{1,

2,

3} , Zhiyuan Liu ₄ , Yunfei Yang ₂ , Bao Liu ₃

Affiliation

The mechanisms underlying heritable phenotypic divergence associated with adaptation in response to environmental stresses may involve both genetic and epigenetic variations. Several prior studies have revealed even higher levels of epigenetic variation than genetic variation. However, few population-level studies have explored the effects of epigenetic variation on species with high levels of genetic diversity distributed across different habitats. Using AFLP and methylation-sensitive AFLP markers, we tested the hypothesis that epigenetic variation may contribute to differences in plants occupying different habitats when genetic variation alone cannot fully explain adaptation. As a cosmopolitan invasive species, Phragmites australis (common reed) together with high genetic diversity and remarkable adaptability has been suggested as a model for responses to global change and indicators of environmental fluctuations. We found high levels of genetic and epigenetic diversity and significant genetic/epigenetic structure within each of 12 studied populations sampled from four natural habitats of P. australis. Possible adaptive epigenetic variation was suggested by significant correlations between DNA methylation-based epigenetic differentiation and adaptive genetic divergence in populations across the habitats. Meanwhile, various AMOVAs indicated that some epigenetic differences may respond to various local habitats. A partial Mantel test was used to tease out the correlations between genetic/epigenetic variation and habitat after controlling for the correlation between genetic and epigenetic variations. We found that epigenetic diversity was affected mostly by soil nutrient availability, suggesting that at least some epigenetic differentiation occurred independently of genetic variation. We also found stronger correlations between epigenetic variation and phenotypic traits than between genetic variation and such traits. Overall, our findings indicate that genetically based differentiation correlates with heterogeneous habitats, while epigenetic variation plays an important role in ecological differentiation in natural populations of P. australis. In addition, our results suggest that when assessing global change responses of plant species, intraspecific variation needs to be considered.

中文翻译：

芦苇遗传分化背景下与不同生境反应相关的表观遗传变异

与环境压力适应相关的可遗传表型差异的机制可能涉及遗传和表观遗传变异。先前的几项研究表明，表观遗传变异的水平甚至高于遗传变异。然而，很少有群体水平的研究探讨了表观遗传变异对分布在不同栖息地的高水平遗传多样性物种的影响。使用 AFLP 和甲基化敏感的 AFLP 标记，我们测试了这样的假设：当遗传变异无法完全解释适应时，表观遗传变异可能会导致占据不同栖息地的植物的差异。作为一种世界性入侵物种，芦苇具有高度的遗传多样性和卓越的适应性，被认为是应对全球变化和环境波动指标的模型。我们发现从四个自然栖息地的 12 个研究种群中每个种群都具有高水平的遗传和表观遗传多样性以及显着的遗传/表观遗传结构。澳大利亚。基于 DNA 甲基化的表观遗传分化与不同栖息地种群的适应性遗传分化之间的显着相关性表明可能存在适应性表观遗传变异。同时，各种 AMOVA 表明，一些表观遗传差异可能会对不同的当地栖息地产生反应。在控制遗传和表观遗传变异之间的相关性后，使用部分曼特尔检验来梳理遗传/表观遗传变异和栖息地之间的相关性。我们发现表观遗传多样性主要受土壤养分有效性的影响，这表明至少有一些表观遗传分化的发生独立于遗传变异。我们还发现表观遗传变异与表型性状之间的相关性比遗传变异与表型性状之间的相关性更强。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，基于遗传的分化与异质生境相关，而表观遗传变异在P自然种群的生态分化中发挥着重要作用。澳大利亚。此外，我们的结果表明，在评估植物物种的全球变化响应时，需要考虑种内变异。

更新日期：2021-09-09

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