Poor household water supply and sanitation can affect maternal and newborn health outcomes through several pathways, including the quality of drinking water consumed by pregnant woman and exposure to harmful fecal pathogens in the environment due to poor quality sanitation. Using data on 14,098 pregnancies across four rounds of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), we investigate the relationship between water and sanitation and outcomes along the course of a pregnancy - health and complications during pregnancy, probability of a miscarriage, complications during child birth, probability of live birth, and neonatal outcomes including birth weight and newborn survival rates. After controlling for confounding factors, we find that access to at least basic household sanitation is strongly associated with substantially decreased overall risk during pregnancy and birth. Whether or not a household has access to at least basic sanitation is strongly significantly associated with a lower probability of miscarriage and is a strong predictor of high fever during labor (an indicator of infection). We find no systematic association between household access to basic water and maternal and newborn outcomes. We also find no evidence of herd protection resulting from high levels of sanitation within the community.

家庭供水和卫生条件差会通过多种途径影响孕产妇和新生儿的健康结果，包括孕妇饮用的饮用水质量以及由于卫生条件差导致的环境中有害粪便病原体的暴露。使用四轮印度尼西亚家庭生活调查 (IFLS) 中 14,098 次怀孕的数据，我们调查了水和卫生设施与怀孕过程中的结果之间的关系 - 怀孕期间的健康和并发症、流产的可能性、分娩期间的并发症、活产概率和新生儿结局，包括出生体重和新生儿存活率。控制混杂因素后，我们发现，获得至少基本的家庭卫生设施与怀孕和分娩期间总体风险的大幅降低密切相关。一个家庭是否能够获得至少基本的卫生设施与较低的流产概率密切相关，并且是分娩期间高烧的有力预测因素（感染的指标）。我们发现家庭获得基本用水与孕产妇和新生儿结局之间没有系统关联。我们也没有发现社区内高水平的卫生设施导致畜群保护的证据。我们发现家庭获得基本用水与孕产妇和新生儿结局之间没有系统关联。我们也没有发现社区内高水平的卫生设施导致畜群保护的证据。我们发现家庭获得基本用水与孕产妇和新生儿结局之间没有系统关联。我们也没有发现社区内高水平的卫生设施导致畜群保护的证据。