We investigate lower-hybrid drift waves (LHDW) in symmetric magnetic reconnection with zero guide field using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The long-wavelength mode with $k\sqrt{{\rho }_i{\rho }_e}\sim 1$ develops in the bifurcated electron current layer around the X-line within the width of the electron meandering motion from the mid-plane, where ${\rho }_{i(e)}$ is the ion (electron) gyroradius. The short-wavelength mode with $k{\rho }_e\sim 1$ develops in the separatrix region downstream of the electron outflow jet, producing electron vortices in the background flow frame. Electrons follow the E × B drift with corrections from the diamagnetic drift and are heated inside the vortices with diverging electric fields. In the vortices, ions have comparable E × B and inertia drifts, which together mostly cancel the diamagnetic drift. Toward the center of diverging field vortices, ions are decelerated, leading to a decrease in the perpendicular temperature, while the loss of low-energy ions results in an increase in the parallel temperature. Parallel electric fields exist as a combination of the LHDW wave field projected to the magnetic field direction and the penetration of whistler waves that are mainly outside of the LHDW layer. The magnetic flux tube is twisted in the vortices. The twist may potentially lead to slippage reconnection, as indicated by the non-uniform parallel potential variation across field lines, while the periodic variations of the twisting directions are a limiting factor.

中文翻译：

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零导场的 3D 对称重联模拟中的低混合漂移波及其与等离子体的相互作用

我们使用三维细胞内粒子模拟研究零导场对称磁重联中的低混合漂移波 (LHDW)。长波长模式$克\sqrt{{\rho }_{\mathrm{一世}}{\rho }_{\mathrm{电子}}}～1$ 在电子从中间平面蜿蜒运动的宽度内围绕 X 线的分叉电子流层中发展，其中 ${\rho }_{\mathrm{一世}(\mathrm{电子})}$是离子（电子）陀螺半径。短波长模式$克{\rho }_{\mathrm{电子}}～1$在电子流出射流下游的分界区发展，在背景流框架中产生电子涡流。电子跟随E × B漂移，并通过抗磁漂移进行校正，并在涡流内通过发散电场加热。在涡流中，离子具有可比的E × B和惯性漂移，它们共同抵消了抗磁漂移。朝向发散场涡的中心，离子减速，导致垂直温度降低，而低能离子的损失导致平行温度升高。平行电场作为投射到磁场方向的 LHDW 波场和主要在 LHDW 层之外的哨声波的穿透的组合而存在。磁通管在漩涡中扭曲。扭曲可能会导致滑移重新连接，如场线之间不均匀的平行电位变化所示，而扭曲方向的周期性变化是一个限制因素。