Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves have been studied in this manuscript which are triggered by hot proton thermal anisotropy having energy ranging from 7 to 26 keV with a minimum resonant energy of 6.9 keV. However, an opposite effect can be observed for the hot protons for energy less than the minimum resonant energy. When the intensity of EMIC waves is large, the cold protons (ions) having low-energies can be energized by the EMIC waves. The possible reasons for this energization are the phase bunching of low energy ions with EMIC waves and the generation of electric fields at the relaxation time of substorm. As a consequence, these undetectable protons now become detectable, and the number density and temperature anisotropy of the protons also increase within the energy range from 1 to 100 eV. Accordingly, the helium ions are also energized by the EMIC waves.

中文翻译：

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通过电磁离子回旋波激发冷离子：磁层多尺度 (MMS) 观测

本手稿中研究了电磁离子回旋 (EMIC) 波，其由热质子热各向异性触发，能量范围为 7 至 26 keV，最小共振能量为 6.9 keV。然而，对于能量小于最小共振能量的热质子，可以观察到相反的效果。当EMIC波的强度大时，具有低能量的冷质子（离子）可以被EMIC波激发。这种激发的可能原因是低能离子与 EMIC 波的相位聚集以及亚暴弛豫时间电场的产生。结果，这些无法检测的质子现在可以检测到，质子的数密度和温度各向异性也在 1 到 100 eV 的能量范围内增加。因此，