An improved L-band inverted relativistic magnetron powered by a virtual cathode is presented. An extra emitter is introduced at the end of a slow-wave structure to reduce the desired π mode start-oscillation time, which is critical when short radiation pulses are required. Electrons produced by both upstream and downstream emitters are injected into the interacting space simultaneously, and the rapid increase in electron density in this region accelerates the establishment of a virtual cathode. Furthermore, the additional emitter provides more charged particles for beam–wave interaction, so that the amplitude of output power can be improved. The particle-in-cell simulation demonstrates that a power conversion efficiency of 76.5% could be obtained for a diode voltage of 500 kV and guiding magnetic field of 0.165 T. Compared with the same slow-wave structure powered by a single beam, the output microwave power is increased from 1.1 to 3.1 GW and the startup time is shortened from 53 to 29 ns.

中文翻译：

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基于双向电子束的带虚阴极的倒置相对论磁控管

提出了一种由虚拟阴极供电的改进的 L 波段反向相对论磁控管。在慢波结构的末端引入一个额外的发射器，以减少所需的 π 模式起始振荡时间，这在需要短辐射脉冲时至关重要。上游和下游发射器产生的电子同时注入相互作用空间，该区域电子密度的快速增加加速了虚拟阴极的建立。此外，额外的发射器为束波相互作用提供了更多的带电粒子，从而可以提高输出功率的幅度。电池内粒子模拟表明，对于 500 kV 的二极管电压和 0.165 T 的引导磁场，可以获得 76.5% 的功率转换效率。