Vaccines such as bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) are known for their heterologous effects mediated through a number of mechanisms, including trained immunity constituted by monocyte-macrophage based innate immunity. Other events such as direct hematogenous spread and induction of autoimmunity are also described. There has been a resurgent interest in harnessing some of the benefits of trained immunity in the management of COVID-19, even as several specific vaccines have been approved. We summarize the current knowledge of ocular effects of BCG. Potential effect of granulomatous inflammation on angiotensin converting enzyme activity and accentuation of cytokine storm that may result in undesirable ocular and systemic effects are also discussed.

卡介苗（BCG）等疫苗因其通过多种机制介导的异源效应而闻名，包括由基于单核细胞-巨噬细胞的先天免疫构成的训练有素的免疫。还描述了其他事件，例如直接血行传播和自身免疫的诱导。尽管几种特定疫苗已获得批准，但人们对利用训练有素的免疫力来管理 COVID-19 的一些好处重新产生了兴趣。我们总结了目前关于卡介苗眼部影响的知识。还讨论了肉芽肿性炎症对血管紧张素转换酶活性的潜在影响和细胞因子风暴的加剧，这可能导致不良的眼部和全身影响。