Purpose

This paper seeks to disambiguate the phenomenon by clarifying terms, highlighting current efforts, including the importance of critical thought and awareness, and a test for genuine serendipity.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors review the literature, primarily from a library and information science perspective, and arrive at a theoretical framework and model.

Findings

The authors find various initiatives to fight fake news. Building upon Karlova and Fisher's (2013) model as well as research on critical thinking and serendipity, the primary contribution of the paper is a disinformation behavior framework and model. The model includes both the problem of disinformation from a creator and user perspective, as well as the solutions to fight it.

Research limitations/implications

The framework will guide practitioners and researchers in library and information science and beyond, as well as other stakeholders in both understanding the phenomenon, and leading the fight against it.

Originality/value

The spreading of false information has become an alarming phenomenon in the last few years, leading to the popularity of terms such as misinformation, disinformation, infodemic and fake news. While information professionals have been called upon to lead the fight against fake news, in the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon, current efforts have been isolated and inadequate. Most models of information behavior deal with information, and not misinformation or disinformation per se.

中文翻译：

---

创建、传播和缓解：走向虚假信息行为框架和模型

目的

本文试图通过澄清术语、强调当前的努力（包括批判性思维和意识的重要性）以及对真正偶然性的测试来消除这种现象的歧义。

设计/方法/方法

作者主要从图书馆和信息科学的角度回顾了文献，并得出了一个理论框架和模型。

发现

作者发现了各种打击假新闻的举措。基于 Karlova 和 Fisher (2013) 的模型以及对批判性思维和偶然性的研究，本文的主要贡献是虚假信息行为框架和模型。该模型包括从创建者和用户角度来看的虚假信息问题，以及与之抗争的解决方案。

研究限制/影响

该框架将指导图书馆和信息科学及其他领域的从业者和研究人员，以及其他利益相关者了解这一现象并领导与之抗争。

原创性/价值

在过去几年中，虚假信息的传播已成为一种令人震惊的现象，导致错误信息、虚假信息、信息流行病和假新闻等术语的流行。虽然信息专业人员被要求带头打击假新闻，但由于缺乏对这一现象的全面了解，目前的努力是孤立的和不充分的。大多数信息行为模型处理信息，而不是错误信息或虚假信息本身。