This work investigates peripheral nerve regeneration using membranes consisting of pure chitosan (CHI), which was further blended with nanofibrillated cellulose, with citric acid as crosslinker, with posterior addition of polyvinyl alcohol, with subsequent freeze thawing. Nanocellulose improves the mechanical and thermal resistance, as well as flexibility of the film, which is ideal for the surgical procedure. The hydrogel presented a slow rate of swelling, which is adequate for cell and drug delivery. A series of in vitro tests revealed to be non-toxic for neuronal Schwann cell from the peripheral nervous system of Rattus norvegicus, while there was a slight increase in toxicity if crosslink is performed—freeze-thaw. The in vivo results, using rabbits with a 5 mm gap nerve defect, revealed that even though pure CHI was able to regenerate the nerve, it did not present functional recovery with only the deep pain attribute being regenerated. When autologous implant was used jointly with the biomaterial membrane, as a covering agent, it revealed a functional recovery within 15 d when cellulose and the hydrogel were introduced, which was attributed to the film charge interaction that may help influence the neuronal axons growth into correct locations. Thus, indicating that this system presents ideal regeneration as nerve conduits.

这项工作使用由纯壳聚糖 (CHI) 组成的膜研究周围神经再生，该膜进一步与纳米原纤化纤维素混合，柠檬酸作为交联剂，后添加聚乙烯醇，随后冻融。纳米纤维素提高了薄膜的机械和耐热性以及柔韧性，是外科手术的理想选择。水凝胶呈现出缓慢的膨胀速度，这足以用于细胞和药物输送。一系列体外试验表明，对褐家鼠周围神经系统的神经元雪旺细胞无毒，而如果进行交联——冻融，则毒性略有增加。体内_结果，使用具有 5 毫米间隙神经缺损的兔子，显示即使纯 CHI 能够再生神经，它并没有呈现功能恢复，只有深部疼痛属性被再生。当自体植入物与生物材料膜联合使用时，作为覆盖剂，在引入纤维素和水凝胶后 15 d 内显示功能恢复，这归因于膜电荷相互作用可能有助于影响神经元轴突的正确生长地点。因此，表明该系统作为神经导管呈现理想的再生。