Electrochromism (EC) is a unique property of certain materials that undergo an electrochemical-induced change in colouration. During the last decades, electrochromic materials (ECMs) have been applied in a variety of technologies ranging from smart windows to information displays and energy storage devices. More recently, ECMs have attracted the attention of the (bio)sensing community thanks to their ability to combine the sensitivity of electrochemical methods with the intuitive readout of optical sensors. Although still a nascent technology, EC-based sensors are on the rise with several targets (e.g. cancer biomarkers, bacteria, metabolites and pesticides), which have already been detected by (bio)sensors using ECMs as transducers. In this review, we provide the reader with all the information to understand EC and its use in the development of EC-based biosensors.

电致变色 (EC) 是某些材料的一种独特性质，会发生电化学引起的着色变化。在过去的几十年中，电致变色材料 (ECM) 已应用于从智能窗户到信息显示和能量存储设备的各种技术中。最近，ECM 因其将电化学方法的灵敏度与光学传感器的直观读数相结合的能力而引起了（生物）传感界的关注。尽管仍是一项新兴技术，但基于 EC 的传感器正在以多种目标（例如癌症生物标志物、细菌、代谢物和杀虫剂）上升，这些目标已经被使用 ECM 作为传感器的（生物）传感器检测到。在这次审查中，