Slippery surfaces have received great attention for more than a quarter-century. In particular, during the last decade, interest has increased exponentially, resulting in thousands of articles concerning three types of slippery surfaces: superhydrophobic, superoleophobic, and omniphobic. This review focuses on recent developments and significant findings in naturally inspired slippery surfaces. Superhydrophobicity can be characterized by water droplets beading on a surface at significantly high static contact angles and low contact-angle hystereses. Microscopically rough hydrophobic surfaces could entrap air in their pores, resulting in a portion of a submerged surface with an air–water interface, which is responsible for the slip effect and drag reduction. Suberhydrophobicity enhances the mobility of droplets on lotus leaves for self-cleaning purposes, the so-called lotus effect. Surface hydrophobicity can be advanced to repel low-surface-tension liquids, i.e., become superoleophobic. Another kind of slippery coating is the slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS), which are omniphobic coatings. Certain plants such as the carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher inspired SLIPS. Their interior surfaces have microstructural roughness, which can lock in place an infused lubricating liquid. The lubricant is then utilized as a repellent surface for other liquids or substances such as water, blood, crude oil, ice, insects, and bio-fouling. In this review, we discuss different slippery mechanisms in nature. We also cover recent advances in manufacturing, texturing, and controlling slippery surface at the micro- and nanoscales. We further discuss the performance, sustainability, and longevity of such surfaces under different environmental conditions. Very-recent techniques used to characterize the surfaces are also detailed.

中文翻译：

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光滑的表面：十年的进步

四分之一个多世纪以来，光滑的表面受到了极大的关注。特别是，在过去十年中，人们的兴趣呈指数级增长，产生了数千篇关于三种类型光滑表面的文章：超疏水性、超疏油性和全疏水性。本综述侧重于自然启发的光滑表面的最新发展和重要发现。超疏水性的​​特点是水滴在表面上以显着高的静态接触角和低接触角滞后成珠。微观粗糙的疏水表面可能会在其孔隙中截留空气，导致部分水下表面具有空气-水界面，这是造成滑移效应和减阻的原因。莲花效应。可以提高表面疏水性以排斥低表面张力液体，即变得超疏油。另一种光滑涂层是光滑液体注入多孔表面 (SLIPS)，它是全疏水涂层。某些植物，如食肉猪笼草投手启发 SLIPS。它们的内表面具有微观结构粗糙度，可以将注入的润滑液锁定到位。然后将润滑剂用作其他液体或物质（例如水、血液、原油、冰、昆虫和生物污垢）的排斥表面。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了自然界中不同的滑溜机制。我们还介绍了在微米和纳米尺度上制造、纹理化和控制光滑表面的最新进展。我们进一步讨论了这种表面在不同环境条件下的性能、可持续性和寿命。还详细介绍了用于表征表面的最新技术。