All Italian consonants affected by gemination, that is affricates, fricatives, liquids, nasals, and stops, were analyzed within a project named GEMMA that lasted over a span of about 25 years. Results of the analysis on stops, as published in (Esposito, A., and Di Benedetto, M. G. (1999). “Acoustic and Perceptual Study of Gemination in Italian Stops,” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, ASA, Vol. 30, pp. 175-185) showed that the main acoustic cue to gemination in Italian was closure duration, while frequency and energy domain parameters were not significantly affected by gemination. This paper - the first of a set of two covering all remaining consonants - addresses nasals and liquids; its companion paper addresses affricates and fricatives. Results on nasals and liquids confirm the findings on stops, in particular that the primary acoustic cue to gemination in Italian is durational in nature and corresponds to a lengthened consonant duration. Results also show an inverse correlation between consonant and pre-consonant vowel durations which is, however, also present when considering singleton vs. geminate word sets separately, indicating a sort of duration compensation between these segments to eventually preserve rhythmical structures; this inverse correlation is reinforced when considering singleton and geminate sets combined. Classification tests of singleton vs. geminate consonants show that, for both nasals and liquids, best classification scores are obtained when consonant duration is used as a classification parameter. Although slightly less performing, the ratio between consonant and pre-consonant vowel durations is also a potential good candidate for automatic classification of geminate vs singleton nasals and liquids in Italian.

在一个持续了大约 25 年的名为 GEMMA 的项目中分析了所有受双生影响的意大利辅音，即塞擦音、擦音、液体、鼻音和塞音。止损分析的结果，发表于 (Esposito, A., and Di Benedetto, MG (1999)。“意大利止损中产生的声学和感知研究”，美国声学学会杂志，ASA，卷。 30, pp. 175-185) 表明意大利发芽的主要声学线索是闭合持续时间，而频率和能量域参数不受发芽的显着影响。这篇论文——涵盖所有剩余辅音的两篇论文中的第一篇——讨论了鼻音和液体；其配套文件涉及擦音和擦音。鼻腔和液体的结果证实了停止时的发现，尤其是意大利语中萌芽的主要声学线索本质上是持续的，对应于延长的辅音持续时间。结果还显示了辅音和前辅音元音持续时间之间的负相关，然而，这在单独考虑单音和双生词集时也存在，表明这些片段之间的持续时间补偿最终保留了节奏结构；当考虑组合单例和双子集时，这种逆相关得到加强。单辅音与双辅音的分类测试表明，对于鼻音和流音，当辅音持续时间用作分类参数时，可以获得最佳分类分数。虽然表现稍差，