This paper presents an evaluation of efficient radial basis function mesh deformation for complex iced geometries. Given the high computational cost of mesh deformation, state-of-the-art radial basis function techniques are used for data reduction. The principle procedures adopted are multi-level greedy surface point selection and volume point reduction. The multi-level greedy surface point selection reduces the control point list to increase the efficiency of the interpolation operation and the volume point reduction improves the computational cost of the volume mesh update operation which is important for large data sets. The study demonstrates the capabilities of radial basis function mesh deformation in both two and three-dimensions. Furthermore, it compares localised ice deformation to more standardized test cases with global deformation. The convergence history of the multi-level greedy point selection is assessed in terms of number of control points and computational cost for all the test cases. The location of the selected control points near the ice accretion illustrates the effectiveness of the method for localised deformation. The results show that the radial basis function mesh deformation performs well for both the two and three-dimensional test cases. The reduction of the relative surface error for the three-dimensional test cases understandably requires a larger number of control points and thus results in a higher computational cost. Nevertheless, the data-reduction schemes presented in this work represent a significant improvement to standard radial basis function mesh deformation for three-dimensional aircraft icing tests with large data-sets.

中文翻译：

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飞机结冰的高效径向基函数网格变形方法

本文介绍了对复杂冰冻几何形状的有效径向基函数网格变形的评估。鉴于网格变形的高计算成本，最先进的径向基函数技术被用于数据缩减。采用的原则程序是多级贪婪曲面点选择和体积点减少。多级贪心曲面点选择减少了控制点列表以提高插值操作的效率，体积点减少提高了体积网格更新操作的计算成本，这对于大数据集很重要。该研究证明了径向基函数网格变形在二维和三维方面的能力。此外，它将局部冰变形与具有全局变形的更标准化的测试案例进行了比较。多级贪心点选择的收敛历史是根据所有测试用例的控制点数量和计算成本来评估的。靠近积冰的选定控制点的位置说明了局部变形方法的有效性。结果表明，径向基函数网格变形在二维和三维测试用例中均表现良好。可以理解，减少三维测试用例的相对表面误差需要更多的控制点，从而导致更高的计算成本。尽管如此，这项工作中提出的数据减少方案代表了对具有大数据集的三维飞机结冰测试的标准径向基函数网格变形的重大改进。