The Computational Metaphor, comparing the brain to the computer and vice versa, is the most prominent metaphor in neuroscience and artificial intelligence (AI). Its appropriateness is highly debated in both fields, particularly with regards to whether it is useful for the advancement of science and technology. Considerably less attention, however, has been devoted to how the Computational Metaphor is used outside of the lab, and particularly how it may shape society's interactions with AI. As such, recently publicized concerns over AI's role in perpetuating racism, genderism, and ableism suggest that the term "artificial intelligence" is misplaced, and that a new lexicon is needed to describe these computational systems. Thus, there is an essential question about the Computational Metaphor that is rarely asked by neuroscientists: whom does it help and whom does it harm? This essay invites the neuroscience community to consider the social implications of the field's most controversial metaphor.

中文翻译：

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大脑是计算机是大脑：神经科学的内部争论和计算隐喻的社会意义

计算隐喻，将大脑与计算机进行比较，反之亦然，是神经科学和人工智能 (AI) 中最突出的隐喻。它的适用性在这两个领域都备受争议，特别是关于它是否对科学和技术的进步有用。然而，很少有人关注计算隐喻如何在实验室外使用，特别是它如何影响社会与人工智能的互动。因此，最近公开的关于人工智能在延续种族主义、性别歧视和能力主义方面的作用的担忧表明，“人工智能”一词是错误的，需要一个新的词汇来描述这些计算系统。因此，有一个关于计算隐喻的基本问题很少被神经科学家提出：它帮助了谁，又伤害了谁？本文邀请神经科学界思考该领域最具争议的比喻的社会影响。