Zirconium is used as an alloying element owing to its ability to form carbides, nitrides, oxides, and other intermetallic compounds. Zirconium alloying has the high efficacy in increasing the oxidation and irradiation resistance of steel via the formation of Zr-containing complex oxides. Furthermore, the formation of oxides and intermetallic compounds was shown to inhibit corrosion. The use of Zr as an alloying element facilitated stabilization of the microstructure at elevated temperatures and under high-heat-input welding conditions. The present review summarizes studies examining the influence of Zr on the formation of Zr-containing phases, microstructure stabilization, and various properties, such as mechanical properties, high-temperature oxidation resistance, irradiation resistance, and corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the applications of Zr to four types of steels, i.e. Zr-containing oxide-dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels, Zr-containing stainless steels, Zr-containing heat-resistant steels, and high-heat-input welding steels, under different conditions were summarized and analyzed.

锆被用作合金元素，因为它能够形成碳化物、氮化物、氧化物和其他金属间化合物。锆合金化通过形成含锆的复合氧化物，在提高钢的抗氧化性和抗辐照性方面具有很高的功效。此外，氧化物和金属间化合物的形成显示出抑制腐蚀。使用 Zr 作为合金元素有助于在高温和高热输入焊接条件下稳定微观结构。本综述总结了研究 Zr 对含 Zr 相形成、微观结构稳定性和各种性能（如机械性能、高温抗氧化性、抗辐照性和抗腐蚀性）的影响的研究。此外，