A bandwidth-enhanced wide-angle scanning phased array based on planar end-loaded dipole elements is designed and analyzed in this article. Initially, the phased array is designed based on wideband wide-beam dipole elements, which are placed in a hybrid artificial structure composed of surface waveguide (SWG) and high-impedance surface (HIS). An additional resonance caused by surface-wave propagation in the SWG is generated close to the dipole resonance. The dual-resonance mechanism improves the impedance bandwidth. Then, in order to enhance the array active reflection performance, the HIS is adopted to reduce the coupling between array elements which is caused by the excited surface waves. Besides, the SWG-HIS hybrid structure has a zero-phased reflection in the phased array operation band, which contributes to the wide-angle scan. The total dimension of the proposed eight-element phased array is about 3.24 λ₀ × 0.675 λ₀ (λ₀ is the free-space wavelength at 4.5 GHz). The phased array shows a main-beam scan up to ±60° with a realized gain higher than 8.8 dBi and a total efficiency higher than 84% in an active reflection band of 4.35 ~ 4.85 GHz.

中文翻译：

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具有增强带宽和广角扫描的平面端载偶极相控阵

本文设计并分析了一种基于平面端载偶极子元件的带宽增强型广角扫描相控阵。最初，相控阵是基于宽带宽波束偶极子元件设计的，它们被放置在由表面波导（SWG）和高阻抗表面（HIS）组成的混合人工结构中。由 SWG 中的表面波传播引起的附加共振在偶极共振附近产生。双谐振机制提高了阻抗带宽。然后，为了增强阵列有源反射性能，采用HIS来减少由激发面波引起的阵元之间的耦合。此外，SWG-HIS 混合结构在相控阵工作频段具有零相位反射，有助于广角扫描。 λ ₀  × 0.675  λ ₀（λ ₀是 4.5 GHz 的自由空间波长）。相控阵显示主波束扫描高达 ±60°，实现的增益高于 8.8 dBi，在 4.35 ~ 4.85 GHz 的有源反射频段内总效率高于 84%。