We present trends in intra-household gender inequality for forty five different countries across a four decade period (1973–2016), using global micro-data from 2.85 million households. Intra-household gender inequality has declined by 20% in the four decades that we study. However, current levels are still significant so that any neglect of intra-household gender inequality results in a substantial underestimation of overall earnings inequality. For a sub-sample of countries, we show that the relationship between intra-household gender inequality and household economic status is non-monotonic – that we refer to as the “micro-GKC” (micro Gender Kuznets Curve) relationship. We also develop an empirical framework to measure the aggregate welfare loss from intra-household gender inequality. For a range of plausible inequality aversion assumptions, we report a median welfare loss of over 15% of aggregate earnings.

我们使用来自 285 万个家庭的全球微观数据，展示了四个十年期间（1973-2016 年）四十五个不同国家的家庭内部性别不平等趋势。在我们研究的四个十年中，家庭内部的性别不平等下降了 20%。然而，目前的水平仍然很高，因此任何对家庭内部性别不平等的忽视都会导致对整体收入不平等的严重低估。对于国家的子样本，我们表明家庭内部性别不平等与家庭经济地位之间的关系是非单调的——我们称之为“微观 GKC”（微观性别库兹涅茨曲线）关系。我们还开发了一个实证框架来衡量家庭内部性别不平等造成的总体福利损失。对于一系列合理的不平等厌恶假设，