Since physics of the dark sector components of the Universe is not yet well-understood, the phenomenological studies of non-minimal interaction in the dark sector could possibly pave the way to theoretical and experimental progress in this direction. Therefore, in this work, we intend to explore some features and consequences of a phenomenological interaction in the dark sector. We use the Planck 2018, BAO, JLA, KiDS and HST data to investigate two extensions of the base $\Lambda$CDM model, viz., (i) we allow the interaction among vacuum energy and dark matter, namely the I$\Lambda$CDM model, wherein the interaction strength is proportional to the vacuum energy density and expansion rate of the Universe, and (ii) the I$\Lambda$CDM scenario with free effective neutrino mass and number, namely the $\nu$I$\Lambda$CDM model. We also present comparative analyses of the interaction models with the companion models, namely, $\Lambda$CDM, $\nu \Lambda$CDM, $w$CDM and $\nu w$CDM. In both the interaction models, we find non-zero coupling in the dark sector up to 99% CL with energy transfer from dark matter to vacuum energy, and observe a phantom-like behavior of the effective dark energy without actual “phantom crossing”. The well-known tensions on the cosmological parameters $H_0$ and ${\sigma }_8$, prevailing within the $\Lambda$CDM cosmology, are relaxed significantly in these models wherein the $\nu$I$\Lambda$CDM model shows consistency with the standard effective neutrino mass and number. Both the interaction models find a better fit to the combined data compared to the companion models under consideration.

由于宇宙暗区成分的物理学还没有被很好地理解，对暗区中非最小相互作用的现象学研究可能为这个方向的理论和实验进展铺平道路。因此，在这项工作中，我们打算探索暗区现象学相互作用的一些特征和后果。我们使用 Planck 2018、BAO、JLA、KiDS 和 HST 数据来调查基地的两个扩展$\Lambda$CDM 模型，即，（i）我们允许真空能量和暗物质之间的相互作用，即 I$\Lambda$CDM 模型，其中相互作用强度与宇宙的真空能量密度和膨胀率成正比，并且 (ii) I$\Lambda$具有自由有效中微子质量和数量的 CDM 情景，即 $\nu$一世$\Lambda$清洁发展机制模型。我们还介绍了交互模型与伴随模型的比较分析，即，$\Lambda$清洁发展机制， $\nu \Lambda$清洁发展机制， $瓦$清洁发展机制和 $\nu 瓦$清洁发展机制。在这两个相互作用模型中，我们发现暗区中高达 99% CL 的非零耦合，能量从暗物质转移到真空能量，并观察到有效暗能量的类幻影行为，而没有实际的“幻影交叉”。众所周知的宇宙学参数张力$H_0$ 和 ${\sigma }_8$, 盛行于 $\Lambda$CDM 宇宙学，在这些模型中显着放松，其中 $\nu$一世$\Lambda$CDM 模型显示出与标准有效中微子质量和数量的一致性。与正在考虑的配套模型相比，两种交互模型都更适合组合数据。