Analyzing the chemical composition of archaeological glasses can provide an insight into their provenance and raw materials used in their making. However, to the authors’ knowledge, the historical production process itself and melting characteristics of the glasses have not yet been extensively investigated. The main focus of this paper is to describe the melting process of three main types of Bohemian historical glasses: Gothic (14th–1st half of 16th c.); Renaissance (16th–17th c.); and Baroque (end of 17th–18th c.). The model glasses were prepared from natural raw materials and processes that take place during melting were investigated using optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, XRD, and DTA-TG methods. Furthermore, the viscosity of model glasses and thermal dilatation was measured and used to calculate the reference viscosity points. The results illustrate the complexity of historical glass melting, as well as the technological progress between different periods.

中文翻译：

---

波西米亚历史玻璃在模型眼镜上的熔化过程和粘度研究

分析考古玻璃的化学成分可以深入了解它们的来源和制造过程中使用的原材料。然而，据作者所知，历史生产过程本身和玻璃的熔化特性尚未得到广泛研究。本文的主要重点是描述三种主要类型的波西米亚历史玻璃的熔化过程：哥特式（16 世纪 14 至 1 世纪）；文艺复兴（16-17 世纪）；和巴洛克（17-18 世纪末）。模型玻璃由天然原材料制成，并使用光学显微镜、SEM-EDS、XRD 和 DTA-TG 方法研究熔化过程中发生的过程。此外，测量模型玻璃的粘度和热膨胀并用于计算参考粘度点。