Background Reliable assessment and understanding of student-athletes’ motivation for dual careers are crucial to support their career development and transitions. The purpose of this research was to examine the validity and usefulness of the student-athletes’ motivation toward sport and academics questionnaire (SAMSAQ-PT) in the Brazilian higher education context. Four studies were performed. Methods In study one, conceptually and semantic translation of the questionnaire and Bayesian exploratory factor analysis were conducted. In study two, a Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis with an independent sample was performed. In study three, Bayesian multilevel modeling was applied to examine the construct validity of the questionnaire in a cross-sectional sample. In study four, the SAMSAQ-PT sensitiveness was examined in a longitudinal sample, and the results were interpreted based on multilevel regression and poststratification. Results Altogether the results provided evidence validity and usefulness of the SAMSAQ-PT in Brazilian student-athletes. The Brazilian student-athletes’ motivation scores were sensitive to the influence of sex, sport level, and type of university on career and sport motivation. SAMSAQ-PT estimate scores across an academic year showed a trend of stability in the scores, adjusting for sex, sport level, type of university, and student-athlete status. Conclusion The SAMSAQ-PT proved to be a robust and valuable questionnaire, which could be used in Portuguese-speaking countries. The findings of the cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys urge to consider individual and contextual characteristics when investigating motivation of dual-career of athletes, also concerning the sex-related opportunities in university sports. Furthermore, there is a need for a call for action to promote and nurture the student-athletes motivation to remain engaged in both sports and educational commitments.

中文翻译：

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学生运动员运动和学术动机问卷的有效性和实用性：贝叶斯多层次方法

背景 对学生运动员双重职业动机的可靠评估和理解对于支持他们的职业发展和转型至关重要。本研究的目的是检验巴西高等教育背景下学生运动员运动和学术动机问卷（SAMSAQ-PT）的有效性和实用性。进行了四项研究。方法在研究一中，对问卷进行概念和语义翻译以及贝叶斯探索性因素分析。在研究二中，对独立样本进行了贝叶斯验证性因素分析。在研究三中，应用贝叶斯多级模型来检验横截面样本中问卷的结构有效性。在研究四中，在纵向样本中检查了 SAMSAQ-PT 敏感性，并根据多级回归和后分层对结果进行了解释。结果 总而言之，结果证明了 SAMSAQ-PT 在巴西学生运动员中的有效性和实用性。巴西学生运动员的动机得分对性别、运动水平和大学类型对职业和运动动机的影响敏感。SAMSAQ-PT 整个学年的估计分数显示出分数稳定的趋势，并根据性别、运动水平、大学类型和学生运动员状况进行了调整。结论 SAMSAQ-PT 被证明是一个稳健且有价值的调查问卷，可以在葡语国家使用。横断面和纵向调查的结果敦促在调查运动员双重职业的动机时考虑个人和背景特征，也涉及大学体育中与性别相关的机会。此外，有必要呼吁采取行动，促进和培养学生运动员继续参与体育和教育活动的动力。