Background Developmental instability in archaeological samples can be detected through analysis of skeletal and dental remains. During life, disruptions to biological internal homeostasis that occur during growth and development redirect bodily resources to returning to homeostasis and away from normal processes such as symmetrical development. Because dental enamel does not remodel in life, any deviations from normal development are left behind. Even subtle disturbances to developmental trajectory may be detected in asymmetrical development of traits, specifically a random variation in sides termed fluctuating asymmetry. Human dental fluctuating asymmetry studies are common, but here we investigate the permanent dentition of a non-human primate Papio anubis, for potential fluctuating asymmetry relative to sex, weaning, and reproductive maturity. The sample stems from an outlier population that lives in the wettest and most humid habitat of any studied baboon group. Methods The skulls of adult baboons were collected after their natural death in Gashaka Gumti National Park, Nigeria. The permanent dentition of antimeric teeth (paired) were measured for maximum length and breadth using standard methods. The metrics were analyzed to assess the presence of fluctuating asymmetry in adult permanent mandibular and maxillary dentition. Measurement error and other forms of asymmetry (antisymmetry, directional asymmetry) were considered and dental measures expressing true fluctuating asymmetry were used to address three research questions. Results Males exhibit greater fluctuating asymmetry than females, suggesting that males experience greater overall instability during the developmental period. While weaning is not more stressful than other life history stages for males and females (using the first molar fluctuating asymmetry index as a proxy compared to other teeth), it is more stressful for females than males. The onset of reproduction is also not more stressful than other life history stages for males and females (using the third molar fluctuating asymmetry index as a proxy compared to other teeth), but it is more stressful for males than females. We explore possible explanations for these findings in the discussion.

中文翻译：

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野生尼日利亚橄榄狒狒（Papio anubis）的发育不稳定性

背景 考古样本中的发育不稳定性可以通过骨骼和牙齿遗骸的分析来检测。在生命中，在生长和发育过程中发生的对生物内部稳态的破坏将身体资源重定向到恢复稳态并远离正常过程，例如对称发育。由于牙釉质在生活中不会重塑，因此任何与正常发育的偏差都会被抛在后面。在性状的不对称发展中甚至可以检测到对发育轨迹的细微干扰，特别是称为波动不对称的侧面随机变化。人类牙齿波动不对称性研究很常见，但在这里我们调查了非人类灵长类动物 Papio anubis 的恒牙列，以了解与性别、断奶和生殖成熟度相关的潜在波动不对称性。该样本来自一个异常种群，该种群生活在任何研究过的狒狒群体中最潮湿和最潮湿的栖息地。方法 在尼日利亚 Gashaka Gumti 国家公园自然死亡后收集成年狒狒的头骨。使用标准方法测量反排牙（成对）的恒牙列的最大长度和宽度。对这些指标进行了分析，以评估成人下颌和上颌恒牙列中是否存在波动的不对称性。考虑了测量误差和其他形式的不对称（反对称、方向不对称），并使用表达真正波动不对称的牙科测量来解决三个研究问题。结果男性表现出比女性更大的波动不对称性，这表明男性在发育期间经历了更大的整体不稳定性。虽然断奶对男性和女性来说并不比其他生活史阶段压力更大（使用第一磨牙波动不对称指数作为与其他牙齿相比的代表），但女性比男性压力更大。对于男性和女性来说，生殖开始的压力也不比其他生活史阶段更大（使用第三磨牙波动不对称指数作为与其他牙齿相比的代表），但男性比女性压力更大。我们在讨论中探讨了对这些发现的可能解释。对于男性和女性来说，生殖开始的压力也不比其他生活史阶段更大（使用第三磨牙波动不对称指数作为与其他牙齿相比的代表），但男性比女性压力更大。我们在讨论中探讨了对这些发现的可能解释。对于男性和女性来说，生殖开始的压力也不比其他生活史阶段更大（使用第三磨牙波动不对称指数作为与其他牙齿相比的代表），但男性比女性压力更大。我们在讨论中探讨了对这些发现的可能解释。