Objective The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for neonatal sepsis.

Methods A case–control study was performed in secondary and tertiary care hospitals of a district in Sri Lanka. Neonates who diagnosed with sepsis based on clinical criteria or culture positivity were taken as the case group (n = 240) and neonates born during the same period who had not been diagnosed with sepsis were taken as the control group (n = 240). The controls were recruited from the community. The study instruments were, pretested interviewer administered questionnaire, a check list and record sheets. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed. The results were expressed as odds ratios (OR) with the 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results The independent risk factors for neonatal sepsis were history of abortions, still birth, and early neonatal deaths (OR: 6.78; 95% CI: 3.2–14.3), registration of pregnancy after 8 weeks of gestation (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.07–3.4), total antenatal clinic visits ≤4 (OR: 7.18; 95% CI: 2.1–24.5), history of maternal fever prior to the week of delivery (OR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.25–6.0) leaking amniotic fluid >18 hours (OR: 10.0; 95% CI: 2.1–47.4), performed >3 vaginal examinations before delivery (OR: 3.28; 95% CI: 2.1–24.5), meconium stained amniotic fluid (OR: 10.57; 95% CI: 3.7–29.7), mode of delivery by cesarean section, forceps or vacuum (OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.4–3.9), time of birth of the neonate being during on-call hours (OR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.3–3.5), being a male baby (OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.1–2.8), and birth weight <2,500 g (OR: 5.17; 95% CI: 2.8–9.6) of neonates.

Conclusion Most of the identified risk factors for neonatal sepsis were modifiable. Stringent implementation of guidelines and protocols would prevent neonatal sepsis.

目的 本研究的目的是确定新生儿败血症的危险因素。

方法 在斯里兰卡一个地区的二级和三级医院进行病例对照研究。以临床标准或培养阳性诊断为脓毒症的新生儿为病例组（n  =240），同期出生未确诊为脓毒症的新生儿为对照组（n  =240）。控件是从社区招募的。研究工具是预先测试的采访者管理的问卷、检查表和记录表。进行多元逻辑回归分析。结果表示为具有 95% 置信区间 (CI) 的优势比 (OR)。

结果 新生儿败血症的独立危险因素是流产史、死产和新生儿早期死亡（OR：6.78；95% CI：3.2-14.3）、妊娠 8 周后登记（OR：1.91；95% CI： 1.07–3.4)，产前门诊总次数 ≤ 4 (OR: 7.18; 95% CI: 2.1–24.5), 分娩前一周母亲发烧史 (OR: 2.74; 95% CI: 1.25–6.0) 羊水渗漏液体 >18 小时（OR：10.0；95% CI：2.1-47.4），分娩前进行 >3 次阴道检查（OR：3.28；95% CI：2.1-24.5），胎粪染色羊水（OR：10.57；95% CI：3.7-29.7），剖宫产、产钳或真空分娩方式（OR：2.33；95% CI：1.4-3.9），新生儿出生时间在待命时间（OR：2.12；95%） CI：1.3-3.5），男婴（OR：1.74；95% CI：1.1-2.8），出生体重 <2,500 g（OR：5.17；95% CI：2.8-9。6) 新生儿。

结论 大多数已确定的新生儿败血症危险因素是可以改变的。严格执行指南和协议将预防新生儿败血症。