Statement of problem

Long-term clinical studies are lacking on the influence of the type of abutment, titanium or zirconia, on peri-implant tissues.

Purpose

The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate peri-implant tissues with titanium or zirconia abutments.

Material and methods

A total of 26 single-tooth implant-supported prostheses in 14 participants were analyzed. They received either a titanium abutment with a metal-ceramic crown (TAG) or a zirconia abutment with a ceramic crown (ZAG). Data were collected immediately, at 5 months, and at a minimum of 7 years after crown delivery. The success rate, plaque and bleeding indexes, bleeding on probing, white and pink esthetic scores, and the relationships of the gingival phenotype with the pink esthetic score were analyzed. Statistical analyses were conducted with the t test for paired and independent data (α=.05).

Results

The mean follow-up time was 95.2 ±2.6 months, showing an implant success rate of 96.7%. No statistically significant differences were found between TAG and ZAG among the time intervals evaluated for plaque or bleeding indexes (P>.05). A statistically significant difference was found for peri-implant probing depths in the mid-buccal sites between the groups at all the time intervals evaluated (TAG, P=.008; ZAG, P=.021): TAG showed an increase between 5 months (3.65 ±0.93 mm) and over 7 years (4.47 ±1.32 mm); and ZAG showed a reduction (5 months=5.22 ±1.71 mm; over 7 years=4.25 ±1.28 mm) in values. For the pink (PES) and white esthetic score (WES), ZAG (PES: immediately=6.33 ±1.41; 5 months=7.44 ±1.81; over 7 years=8.25 ±1.03; WES: immediately=7.67 ±1.50; over 7 years=8.38 ±0.74) showed higher mean values than TAG (PES: immediately=5.94 ±2.35; 5 months=6.53 ±2.15; over 7 years=7.44 ±1.81; WES: immediately=7.00 ±1.17; over 7 years=8.35 ±1.27) (P<.05). Statistically significant differences were found for gingival phenotype and for PES in TAG (P=.031), and the participants with thick phenotype showed higher PES in the 3 time intervals studied.

Conclusions

Zirconia abutments exhibited better results than titanium abutments in terms of the peri-implant tissues. Moreover, in those with a thin phenotype, zirconia provided improved gingival esthetics.

中文翻译：

---

使用预制钛或氧化锆基台评估种植体周围组织的美学区：一项至少随访 7 年的随机对照临床试验

问题陈述

缺乏关于基台类型（钛或氧化锆）对种植体周围组织的影响的长期临床研究。

目的

这项随机临床试验的目的是评估钛或氧化锆基台的种植体周围组织。

材料与方法

共分析了 14 名参与者的 26 颗单牙种植体支撑修复体。他们接受了带有金属陶瓷冠 (TAG) 的钛基台或带有陶瓷冠 (ZAG​​) 的氧化锆基台。数据在 5 个月和至少 7 年后立即收集。分析了成功率、菌斑和出血指标、探诊出血、白色和粉红色美学评分以及牙龈表型与粉红色美学评分的关系。对成对数据和独立数据 (α=.05) 进行 t 检验进行统计分析。

结果

平均随访时间为 95.2 ±2.6 个月，种植成功率为 96.7%。在评估斑块或出血指标的时间间隔中，TAG 和 ZAG 之间没有统计学差异（P >.05）。在评估的所有时间间隔内，各组之间颊中部的种植体周围探诊深度存在统计学显着差异（TAG，P =.008；ZAG，P=.021): TAG 在 5 个月 (3.65 ±0.93 mm) 和超过 7 年 (4.47 ±1.32 mm) 之间显示增加；ZAG 值显示减少（5 个月=5.22 ±1.71 毫米；超过 7 年=4.25 ±1.28 毫米）。对于粉色（PES）和白色美学评分（WES），ZAG（PES：立即=6.33±1.41；5个月=7.44±1.81；超过7年=8.25±1.03；WES：立即=7.67±1.50；超过7年=8.38 ±0.74) 显示比 TAG 更高的平均值（PES：立即=5.94 ±2.35；5 个月=6.53 ±2.15；超过 7 年=7.44 ±1.81；WES：立即=7.00 ±1.17；超过 7 年=8.35 ±1.27 ) ( P <.05)。TAG 中牙龈表型和 PES 存在统计学显着差异 ( P =.031)，表型较厚的参与者在研究的 3 个时间间隔内表现出较高的 PES。

结论

就种植体周围组织而言，氧化锆基台比钛基台表现出更好的结果。此外，在那些表型较薄的患者中，氧化锆提供了改善的牙龈美学。