In the refining and petrochemical industrial sector, large amounts of energy are used, so using the concept of exergy allows a rational use of this resource. In the different exergy and exergoeconomics studies applied in petrochemical plants, parameters of interest have been determined to evaluate the thermal efficiency, the potential for process improvement, the irreversibilities produced by the interaction between the components of the system and the operation of each one, and the energy costs associated with each of these irreversibilities. This paper presents an advanced exergy analysis and an exergy-economic analysis applied to a nitric acid production plant with an installed capacity of 350 metric tons per day, whose operating principle is based on the Ostwald method, and both the behavior of endogenous exergy destruction and the behavior of exogenous, avoidable and unavoidable exergy destruction are studied, exogenous, avoidable and unavoidable exergy destruction and the associated exergy costs in each of the heat transfer equipment and reactive equipment that make up the plant, about the cooling temperature in the intermediate stages of the compression train are studied using a mathematical model. The chemical reactions involved in the production process are the points of interest in the research of this work. Some of the results show that 54 % of the total exergy destruction can be recovered by intervening in the components. On the other hand, in the Catalytic Converter (CONV), it is convenient to consider the investment costs to reduce the exergy destruction costs. Similarly, in the Tail Gas Heater (TGH), it is beneficial to reduce the total investment to improve the process economics. On the other hand, the cost of exergy destruction of the plant resulted in 770.77 USD/h. In addition, it could be determined that the interactions between the components significantly affect the investment costs.

在炼油和石化工业部门，使用大量能源，因此使用火用的概念可以合理利用这种资源。在应用于石化工厂的不同火用和火用经济学研究中，已经确定了感兴趣的参数来评估热效率、过程改进的潜力、系统组件之间的相互作用和每个组件的操作产生的不可逆性，以及与这些不可逆性相关的能源成本。本文介绍了先进的火用分析和火用经济分析，该分析适用于装机容量为 350 公吨/天的硝酸生产厂，其工作原理基于 Ostwald 方法，并且研究了内源火用破坏行为和外源性、可避免和不可避免的火用破坏行为，外源性、可避免和不可避免的火用破坏以及组成工厂的每个传热设备和反应设备的相关火用成本，使用数学模型研究了压缩系统中间阶段的冷却温度。生产过程中涉及的化学反应是本工作研究的重点。一些结果表明，通过对组件进行干预，可以恢复 54% 的总火用破坏。另一方面，在催化转化器（CONV）中，可以方便地考虑投资成本以降低火用破坏成本。同样，在尾气加热器 (TGH) 中，有利于减少总投资，提高工艺经济性。另一方面，工厂的火用破坏成本为 770.77 美元/小时。此外，可以确定组件之间的相互作用会显着影响投资成本。