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Accurate Fault Diagnosis in Transformers Using an Auxiliary Current-Compensation-Based Framework for Differential Relays
IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-16 , DOI: 10.1109/tim.2021.3097855
Amir Ameli , Mohsen Ghafouri , Hatem H. Zeineldin , Magdy M. A. Salama , Ehab F. El-Saadany

This article proposes an auxiliary framework to address the challenges of transformer differential protection for single-phase transformers or three-phase transformer banks. This framework enables the differential scheme to: 1) work properly if transformers or current transformers (CTs) saturate; 2) detect internal and cross-country faults; 3) detect internal faults while energizing transformers; and 4) detect inrush currents. Unlike the existing methods in the literature, this framework addresses the above-mentioned challenges without sacrificing the sensitivity and/or the speed of differential relays. The proposed method models a transformer and its CTs with linear parameter varying (LPV) state-space equations, and uses the polytopic form of these equations and LPV observers to estimate the states of the transformer and its CTs. To address the CT saturation problem, it accurately estimates primary currents of CTs using their secondary currents. Thus, the differential scheme uses the estimated primary currents of its CTs instead of their distorted secondary currents. Additionally, the proposed framework detects inrush currents of transformers and differentiates them from internal faults by estimating the primary current of the transformer and comparing the estimated and measured primary currents. A discrepancy between the measured and estimated primary currents signifies an internal fault. The results of electromagnetic transient simulations in Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP) platform corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

中文翻译:

使用基于辅助电流补偿的差动继电器框架对变压器进行准确故障诊断

本文提出了一个辅助框架来解决单相变压器或三相变压器组变压器差动保护的挑战。该框架使差分方案能够:1) 在变压器或电流互感器 (CT) 饱和时正常工作;2) 检测内部和跨国故障;3) 变压器通电时检测内部故障;4) 检测浪涌电流。与文献中的现有方法不同,该框架在不牺牲差动继电器的灵敏度和/或速度的情况下解决了上述挑战。所提出的方法使用线性参数变化 (LPV) 状态空间方程对变压器及其 CT 进行建模,并使用这些方程的多面形式和 LPV 观测器来估计变压器及其 CT 的状态。为了解决 CT 饱和问题,它使用 CT 的次级电流准确估计 CT 的初级电流。因此,差分方案使用其 CT 的估计初级电流而不是其失真的次级电流。此外,所提出的框架通过估计变压器的初级电流并比较估计和测量的初级电流来检测变压器的浪涌电流并将其与内部故障区分开来。测量的和估计的初级电流之间的差异表示内部故障。电磁瞬态程序 (EMTP) 平台中的电磁瞬态仿真结果证实了所提出方法的有效性。差分方案使用其 CT 的估计初级电流而不是其失真的次级电流。此外,所提出的框架通过估计变压器的初级电流并比较估计和测量的初级电流来检测变压器的浪涌电流并将其与内部故障区分开来。测量的和估计的初级电流之间的差异表示内部故障。电磁瞬态程序 (EMTP) 平台中的电磁瞬态仿真结果证实了所提出方法的有效性。差分方案使用其 CT 的估计初级电流而不是其失真的次级电流。此外,所提出的框架通过估计变压器的初级电流并比较估计和测量的初级电流来检测变压器的浪涌电流并将其与内部故障区分开来。测量的和估计的初级电流之间的差异表示内部故障。电磁瞬态程序 (EMTP) 平台中的电磁瞬态仿真结果证实了所提出方法的有效性。所提出的框架通过估计变压器的初级电流并将估计的和测量的初级电流进行比较来检测变压器的浪涌电流并将其与内部故障区分开来。测量的和估计的初级电流之间的差异表示内部故障。电磁瞬态程序 (EMTP) 平台中的电磁瞬态仿真结果证实了所提出方法的有效性。所提出的框架通过估计变压器的初级电流并将估计的和测量的初级电流进行比较来检测变压器的浪涌电流并将其与内部故障区分开来。测量的和估计的初级电流之间的差异表示内部故障。电磁瞬态程序 (EMTP) 平台中的电磁瞬态仿真结果证实了所提出方法的有效性。
更新日期:2021-07-30
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