ABSTRACT

Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a major pandemic and continuously emerging due to unclear prognosis and unavailability of reliable detection tools. Older adults are more susceptible to COVID-19 than children showing mature Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), low concentration of immune targets, and comorbid conditions. Several detection platforms have been commercialized to date and more are in pipeline, however, the rate of false-positive results and rapid mutation of SARS-CoV-2 is increasing. Additionally, physiological, and geographical variations of affected individuals are also calling for diagnostic methods optimization.

Areas Covered: Extensive information related to the optimization and usefulness of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic methods based on sensitivity and specificity as definitive and feasible investigative tools is discussed. Moreover, an option of combining laboratory diagnostic methods to improve diagnostic strategies is also proposed and discussed in the comparative section of optimization studies.

Expert Opinion: The review article explains the importance of optimization strategies for SARS-CoV-2 detection in children and older adults. There are advancements in COVID-19 detection including CRISPR-based, electrochemical, and optical-based sensing systems. However, the lack of sufficient studies on a comparative evaluation of standardized SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic methods among children and older adults, limit the authentication of commercialized kits.

摘要

简介：严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 感染是一种重大流行病，并且由于预后不明确和缺乏可靠的检测工具而不断出现。老年人比血管紧张素转换酶 2 (ACE2) 成熟、免疫靶点浓度低和合并症的儿童更容易感染 COVID-19。迄今为止，已有多个检测平台商业化，更多的检测平台正在酝酿中，然而，假阳性结果和 SARS-CoV-2 快速突变的发生率正在增加。此外，受影响个体的生理和地理差异也需要优化诊断方法。

涵盖领域：讨论了与基于敏感性和特异性的 SARS-CoV-2 诊断方法的优化和实用性相关的广泛信息，作为明确且可行的研究工具。此外，在优化研究的比较部分还提出并讨论了结合实验室诊断方法来改进诊断策略的选择。

专家意见：这篇综述文章解释了儿童和老年人中 SARS-CoV-2 检测优化策略的重要性。COVID-19 检测取得了进展，包括基于 CRISPR、电化学和光学的传感系统。然而，缺乏对儿童和老年人标准化 SARS-CoV-2 诊断方法的比较评估的充分研究，限制了商业化试剂盒的认证。