The expression of acute-phase proteins (APP’s) maintains homeostasis and tissue repair, but also represents a central component of the organism’s defense strategy, especially in the context of innate immunity. Accordingly, an inflammatory response is accompanied by significant changes in the serum protein composition, an aspect that is also used diagnostically. As the main site of APP synthesis the liver is constantly exposed to antigens or pathogens via blood flow, but also to systemic inflammatory signals originating either from the splanchnic area or from the circulation. Under both homeostatic and acute-phase response (APR) conditions the composition of APP’s is determined by the pattern of regulatory mediators derived from the systemic circulation or from local cell populations, especially liver macrophages. The key regulators mentioned here most frequently are IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. In addition to a variety of molecular mediators described mainly on the basis of in vitro studies, recent data emphasize the in vivo relevance of cellular key effectors as well as molecular key mediators and protein modifications for the regulation and function of APP’s. These are aspects, on which the present review is primarily focused.

中文翻译：

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急性期蛋白质合成：肝脏先天免疫功能的关键特征


急性期蛋白（APP）的表达维持体内平衡和组织修复，同时也是生物体防御策略的核心组成部分，特别是在先天免疫的背景下。因此，炎症反应伴随着血清蛋白组成的显着变化，这也是诊断上使用的一个方面。作为 APP 合成的主要场所，肝脏通过血流不断暴露于抗原或病原体，但也暴露于源自内脏区域或循环系统的全身炎症信号。在稳态和急性期反应（APR）条件下，APP 的组成由来自体循环或局部细胞群（尤其是肝巨噬细胞）的调节介质的模式决定。这里最常提到的关键调节因子是 IL-1β、IL-6 和 TNF-α。除了主要基于体外研究描述的各种分子介质之外，最近的数据强调了细胞关键效应物以及分子关键介质和蛋白质修饰对于APP的调节和功能的体内相关性。这些是本审查主要关注的方面。