The heterogeneous tumor microenvironment is exceptionally perplexing and not wholly comprehended. Different multifaceted alignments lead to the generation of oxygen destitute situations within the tumor niche that modulate numerous intrinsic tumor microenvironments. Disentangling these communications is vital for scheming practical therapeutic approaches that can successfully decrease tumor allied chemotherapy resistance by utilizing the innate capability of the immune system. Several research groups are concerned with a protruding role for oxygen metabolism along with hypoxia in the immunity of healthy tissue. Hypoxia, in addition to hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in the tumor microenvironment, plays an important part in tumor progression and endurance. Although numerous hypoxia-focused therapies have shown promising outcomes both in vitro and in vivo, these outcomes have not effectively translated into clinical preliminaries. Distinctive cell culture techniques have been utilized as an in vitro model for tumor niche along with tumor microenvironment and proficient in more precisely recreating tumor genomic profiles as well as envisaging therapeutic response. To study the dynamics of tumor immune evasion, three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures are more physiologically important to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Recent research has revealed new information and insights into our fundamental understanding of immune systems, and novel results that have been established as potential therapeutic targets. There are a lot of patented 3D cell culture techniques which will be highlighted in this review. At present notable 3D cell culture procedures in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, discourse open doors to accommodate both drug repurposing, advancement, and divulgence of new medications and will deliberate the 3D cell culture methods into standard prescription disclosure, especially in the field of cancer biology, which will be discussing here.

中文翻译：

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通过使用三维体外细胞模型模拟缺氧和肿瘤微环境与免疫逃避：药物发现中令人印象深刻的工具。

异质性肿瘤微环境非常令人困惑，并且没有被完全理解。不同的多方面排列导致在调节许多内在肿瘤微环境的肿瘤生态位内产生缺氧情况。解开这些沟通对于设计实用的治疗方法至关重要，这些方法可以通过利用免疫系统的先天能力成功降低肿瘤相关的化疗耐药性。几个研究小组关注氧代谢和缺氧在健康组织免疫中的突出作用。缺氧除了肿瘤微环境中的缺氧诱导因子（HIFs）外，在肿瘤进展和耐受性中也起着重要作用。尽管许多以缺氧为重点的疗法在体外和体内都显示出有希望的结果，但这些结果并没有有效地转化为临床初步研究。独特的细胞培养技术已被用作肿瘤微环境以及肿瘤微环境的体外模型，并且精通更精确地重建肿瘤基因组谱以及设想治疗反应。为了研究肿瘤免疫逃避的动力学，三维 (3D) 细胞培养物对缺氧肿瘤微环境具有更重要的生理意义。最近的研究揭示了我们对免疫系统的基本理解的新信息和见解，以及已被确定为潜在治疗靶点的新结果。本次审查将重点介绍许多获得专利的 3D 细胞培养技术。