A number of disorders and diseases are associated with conditions of high pH, and many conventional antibiotics lose their efficacy under these pH conditions, generating a need for novel antimicrobials. A potential solution to fulfill this need is Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) with high pH optima. This review shows that a variety of anionic and cationic AMPs with this pH dependency are produced by creatures across the eukaryotic kingdom, including rabbits, cattle, sheep, fish, crabs and frog. These AMPs exhibit activity against viruses, bacteria, and fungi that involve membrane interactions and appear to be facilitated by a variety of mechanisms that generally promote passage across membranes to attack intracellular targets, such as DNA or protein synthesisand/or membrane lysis. Some of these mechanisms are unknown, but those elucidated include the use of bacterial pores and transporters, the self-promoted uptake pathway, and established models of membrane interaction, such as the carpet mechanism, toroidal pore formation, the adoption of tilted peptide, and the SHM model. A variety of potential roles have been proposed for these AMPs, including use as antivirals, antibacterials, antifungals, adjuvants to antimicrobial therapy, biomarkers of disease, and probes for pathogenic microbes. In this review, these properties are described and discussed, emphasizing the antimicrobial mechanisms used by these AMPs and the pH dependency of these mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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具有 pH 依赖性活性和碱性最佳的抗菌肽：它们的起源、作用机制和潜在应用。

许多失调和疾病与高 pH 条件有关，许多常规抗生素在这些 pH 条件下失去效力，从而产生对新型抗微生物剂的需求。满足这一需求的潜在解决方案是具有高 pH 最佳值的抗菌肽 (AMP)。这篇综述表明，具有这种 pH 依赖性的各种阴离子和阳离子 AMP 是由真核生物界的生物产生的，包括兔子、牛、羊、鱼、蟹和青蛙。这些 AMP 对涉及膜相互作用的病毒、细菌和真菌表现出活性，并且似乎受到各种机制的促进，这些机制通常促进跨膜通过以攻击细胞内靶标，例如 DNA 或蛋白质合成和/或膜裂解。其中一些机制是未知的，但阐明的内容包括细菌孔隙和转运蛋白的使用、自我促进的摄取途径以及已建立的膜相互作用模型，如地毯机制、环形孔形成、倾斜肽的采用和 SHM 模型。已经提出了这些 AMP 的多种潜在作用，包括用作抗病毒剂、抗菌剂、抗真菌剂、抗微生物治疗的佐剂、疾病的生物标志物和病原微生物的探针。在这篇综述中，描述和讨论了这些特性，强调了这些 AMP 使用的抗菌机制以及这些机制的 pH 依赖性。和 SHM 模型。已经提出了这些 AMP 的多种潜在作用，包括用作抗病毒剂、抗菌剂、抗真菌剂、抗微生物治疗的佐剂、疾病的生物标志物和病原微生物的探针。在这篇综述中，描述和讨论了这些特性，强调了这些 AMP 使用的抗菌机制以及这些机制的 pH 依赖性。和 SHM 模型。已经提出了这些 AMP 的多种潜在作用，包括用作抗病毒剂、抗菌剂、抗真菌剂、抗微生物治疗的佐剂、疾病的生物标志物和病原微生物的探针。在这篇综述中，描述和讨论了这些特性，强调了这些 AMP 使用的抗菌机制以及这些机制的 pH 依赖性。