The bone microenvironment is a complex tissue in which heterogeneous cell populations of hematopoietic and mesenchymal origin interact with environmental cues to maintain tissue integrity. Both cellular and matrix components are subject to physiologic challenges and can dynamically respond by modifying cell/matrix interactions. When either component is impaired, the physiologic balance is lost. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of how glycosaminoglycans – organic components of the bone extracellular matrix – influence the bone micromilieu. We point out how they interact with mediators of distinct signaling pathways such as the RANKL/OPG axis, BMP and WNT signaling, and affect the activity of bone remodeling cells within the endosteal niche summarizing their potential for therapeutic intervention.

中文翻译：

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关于糖胺聚糖在骨内膜骨微环境中作用的新见解

骨微环境是一种复杂的组织，其中造血和间充质来源的异质细胞群与环境线索相互作用以维持组织完整性。细胞和基质成分都受到生理挑战，可以通过改变细胞/基质相互作用来动态响应。当任一组件受损时，生理平衡就会丧失。在这里，我们回顾了糖胺聚糖（骨细胞外基质的有机成分）如何影响骨微环境的知识现状。我们指出它们如何与不同信号通路的介质（如 RANKL/OPG 轴、BMP 和 WNT 信号传导）相互作用，并影响骨内膜生态位内骨重塑细胞的活性，总结了它们在治疗干预方面的潜力。