Herein, we investigated the genesis of Toungo flake graphites in the basement complex of Adamawa Massif, northeastern Nigeria, and evaluated their industrial quality. Field and laboratory evidences show that the foliated amphibolite and gneisses are the main rock unit hosting the graphite and are occasionally bordered by pegmatite. Petrographic data show that graphites in Mayo Butale (MB) and Walon Kole (WK) are associated with chlorite, suggesting a role of CO₂-bearing aqueous fluids in the origin of the large and minor graphite flakes under regional greenschist facies conditions. The hydration processes related to the formation of chlorite drove the fluid composition toward CO₂ saturation and graphite precipitation. The close association of the graphite with pegmatites shows that graphite precipitation occurs synchronously with melt crystallization during cooling, suggesting that C-bearing fluids exsolved from the parent melts of pegmatites. The flake sizes of Walon Kole (WK) and Mayo Butale (MB) graphites range between ~0.2 and 0.6 mm, reflective of high-quality flakes. Their light bulk densities (WK = 2.38 g/cm³; MB = 2.29 g/cm³) make them less susceptible to crushing and cracking, while their porosities (WK = 3.25–5.26%; MB = 1.4–6.88%) are suitable for use in refractory industries. Given their low moisture contents (WK = 0.27%; MB = 0.16%) and volatile matter (WK = 2.1%; MB = 4.90%), the graphites can be used to produce silicon carbides, fire-retardant additives, as well as refractory bricks, lubricants, automobile brakes, clutches, and pencil lead. Their ash contents (WK = 15%; MB = 18%) and compressive strengths (WK = 23 N/mm²; MB = 16.5 N/mm²) connote mechanical strength and good workability, thus suitable for producing crucibles, coatings of TV tube, and conductive concrete used in making cement. The graphite’s thermal shock resistance is satisfactory for use in refractory industries as it withstood severe cycles of heating. Taken together, the quality of Toungo graphites conform to the minimum industrial quality standards but can be beneficiated to meet the optimum industrial grades.

在此，我们调查了尼日利亚东北部阿达马瓦地块基底复合体中 Toungo 片状石墨的成因，并评估了它们的工业质量。现场和实验室证据表明，叶状角闪岩和片麻岩是包含石墨的主要岩石单元，偶尔与伟晶岩接壤。岩相学数据显示 Mayo Butale (MB) 和 Walon Kole (WK) 中的石墨与绿泥石有关，这表明在区域绿片岩相条件下，含 CO _{2 的}水性流体在大和小石墨片的起源中发挥了作用。与亚氯酸盐形成相关的水化过程驱使流体成分向 CO _{2 方向移动}饱和和石墨沉淀。石墨与伟晶岩的密切联系表明，在冷却过程中，石墨沉淀与熔体结晶同步发生，表明含碳流体从伟晶岩的母体熔体中析出。Walon Kole (WK) 和 Mayo Butale (MB) 石墨的薄片尺寸介于 ~0.2 和 0.6 毫米之间，反映了高质量的薄片。它们的轻体积密度（WK = 2.38 g/cm ³；MB = 2.29 g/cm ³) 使它们不易破碎和开裂，而它们的孔隙率 (WK = 3.25–5.26%; MB = 1.4–6.88%) 适用于耐火材料行业。鉴于其低水分含量 (WK = 0.27%; MB = 0.16%) 和挥发性物质 (WK = 2.1%; MB = 4.90%)，石墨可用于生产碳化硅、阻燃添加剂以及耐火材料砖块、润滑剂、汽车制动器、离合器和铅笔芯。它们的灰分含量（WK = 15%；MB = 18%）和抗压强度（WK = 23 N/mm ²；MB = 16.5 N/mm ²) 意味着机械强度和良好的可加工性，因此适用于生产坩埚、电视管涂层和用于制造水泥的导电混凝土。石墨的抗热震性令人满意，可用于耐火行业，因为它经受住了严重的加热循环。总之，Toungo 石墨的质量符合最低工业质量标准，但可以进行选矿以满足最佳工业等级。