Rhizospheric soil fungi are critical for plant and soil health. However, their multiple functional traits and impact on plant growth have not been systematically explored. During this study, biochemical traits of 73 indigenous soil fungal isolates and 15 unidentified isolates related to plant growth promotion and production of extracellular enzymes were studied. Forty four (65.67%) of the total isolates produced indole acetic acid (IAA) followed by siderophore (52.23%), phosphate solubilization (37.31%), and antibiotic (11.93%). 91.04% of the studied isolates produced ammonia whereas 28.35% produced organic acid. Extracellular enzyme activities of lipase, amylase, chitinase, and cellulase were detected among 95.52%, 61.11%, 35.82%, and 41.79% isolates, respectively. Based on these activities, 73 fungal isolates were categorized into different biotypes. Quantitative analysis of IAA production and phosphate solubilization was carried out for Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Rhizopus isolates. Aspergillus isolates exhibited varying activities of IAA production and phosphate solubilization. Most of the Aspergillus isolates and some other fungi demonstrated multiple activities. Based on the multiple traits of selected fungal isolates, Aspergillus sp-07, Penicillium sp-03, and Rhizopus sp-02 were further evaluated in different combinations for their inoculation effect on the growth and yield of wheat under field conditions. The results indicated that these isolates could be developed into bio-inoculants to enhance plant growth. The consortium of these three isolates was also found to be compatible and beneficial for plant growth.

中文翻译：

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自由生活的根际真菌的多种功能性状，特别是曲霉属。从北印度土壤中分离，及其对植物生长的接种作用

根际土壤真菌对植物和土壤健康至关重要。然而，尚未系统地探索它们的多种功能特性和对植物生长的影响。在这项研究中，研究了 73 株土生土壤真菌分离株和 15 株与植物生长促进和胞外酶产生相关的未鉴定分离株的生化性状。44 个 (65.67%) 的总分离株产生吲哚乙酸 (IAA)，其次是铁载体 (52.23%)、磷酸盐增溶 (37.31%) 和抗生素 (11.93%)。91.04% 的研究分离株产生氨，而 28.35% 产生有机酸。分别在95.52%、61.11%、35.82%和41.79%的分离株中检测到脂肪酶、淀粉酶、几丁质酶和纤维素酶的胞外酶活性。基于这些活动，73 种真菌分离株被分为不同的生物型。对曲霉属、青霉属和根霉属分离株进行了 IAA 生产和磷酸盐溶解的定量分析。曲霉分离株表现出不同的 IAA 产生和磷酸盐溶解活性。大多数曲霉分离物和一些其他真菌表现出多种活性。基于所选真菌分离株的多个性状，进一步评估了不同组合下曲霉属sp-07、青霉属sp-03和根霉属sp-02在田间条件下对小麦生长和产量的影响。结果表明，这些分离物可以开发成生物接种剂以促进植物生长。还发现这三种分离物的聚生体对植物生长是相容和有益的。对曲霉属、青霉属和根霉属分离株进行了 IAA 生产和磷酸盐溶解的定量分析。曲霉分离株表现出不同的 IAA 产生和磷酸盐溶解活性。大多数曲霉分离物和一些其他真菌表现出多种活性。基于所选真菌分离株的多个性状，进一步评估了不同组合下曲霉属sp-07、青霉属sp-03和根霉属sp-02在田间条件下对小麦生长和产量的影响。结果表明，这些分离物可以开发成生物接种剂以促进植物生长。还发现这三种分离物的聚生体对植物生长是相容和有益的。对曲霉属、青霉属和根霉属分离株进行了 IAA 生产和磷酸盐溶解的定量分析。曲霉分离株表现出不同的 IAA 产生和磷酸盐溶解活性。大多数曲霉分离物和一些其他真菌表现出多种活性。基于所选真菌分离株的多个性状，进一步评估了不同组合下曲霉属sp-07、青霉属sp-03和根霉属sp-02在田间条件下对小麦生长和产量的影响。结果表明，这些分离物可以开发成生物接种剂以促进植物生长。还发现这三种分离物的聚生体对植物生长是相容和有益的。