ABSTRACT: Understanding farm-level efficiencies of resource use is critical in comparisons of the sustainability of aquaculture production systems. We developed a set of practical resource-use efficiency metrics to calculate and compare resource-use efficiency with resource-cost efficiency across major species and production systems in US aquaculture. Results showed that no one production system used all resources most efficiently. Intensive pond production of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus demonstrated the greatest efficiency in the use of water, energy, labor, management, and capital resources, while RAS production was most efficient in terms of land and feed use. Among the wide array of pond scenarios examined, more intensive scenarios generally were more efficient in terms of several metrics, but economic sustainability also depends upon business models that effectively meet differing demand requirements of customers. Thus, less intensive production systems were economically sustainable in areas with relatively abundant land and water resources available at lower cost. Labor efficiencies varied widely across scenarios analyzed. Given increasing concerns related to the availability of labor for aquaculture farming in the USA, greater attention to the efficiency of labor on farms is warranted. The metrics used were aligned with common farm management tools (e.g. enterprise budgets) that allow for ease of use by farms and researchers to assess effects on comparative resource-use efficiencies of new farming practices and technologies under development.

中文翻译：

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美国水产养殖的资源利用效率：不同鱼类和生产系统的养殖场水平比较

摘要：了解农场层面的资源利用效率对于比较水产养殖生产系统的可持续性至关重要。我们开发了一套实用的资源利用效率指标来计算和比较美国水产养殖主要物种和生产系统的资源利用效率和资源成本效率。结果表明，没有一种生产系统能最有效地利用所有资源。鲶鱼Ictalurus punctatus的集约化池塘养殖展示了水、能源、劳动力、管理和资本资源的使用效率最高，而 RAS 生产在土地和饲料使用方面的效率最高。在检查的各种池塘情景中，更密集的情景在几个指标方面通常更有效，但经济可持续性还取决于有效满足客户不同需求的商业模式。因此，在土地和水资源相对丰富且成本较低的地区，集约度较低的生产系统在经济上是可持续的。在分析的情景中，劳动效率差异很大。鉴于对美国水产养殖劳动力可用性的日益关注，有必要更加关注农场劳动力的效率。