The spray characteristics of standard and alternative aviation fuels created by a hybrid pressure-swirl airblast (HPSA) atomizer were investigated at conditions corresponding to engine cold start for an aviation gas turbine. Drop size and drop velocity of sprays from three different fuels, Jet-A (A-2), JP-5 (A-3), and a JP-5/farnesane blend (C-3) were investigated using a phase Doppler anemometry. The spatially resolved drop measurements were obtained at three axial locations downstream of the swirler exit plane and up to 30 mm in the radial direction from the spray centerline. Smaller $D_{10}$, $D_{32}$, and $\mathit{MMD}$ were observed when increasing the pressure drop across the atomizer swirler ($\mathrm{\Delta }P/P$). Increasing $\mathrm{\Delta }P/P$ also increased the mean axial velocity. No definitive trend was observed with viscosity on drop size, while liquid–gas surface tension showed a weak correlation with drop size due to its small variation in value among fuels. The spray unsteadiness was examined using interparticle arrival time distribution functions. A semi-empirical model was also developed using a phenomenological three-step model for the atomization process of the HPSA atomizer and was used to predict drop-size values at engine cold-start conditions in this work and near lean blowout conditions presented in earlier work.

在对应于航空燃气涡轮发动机冷启动的条件下，研究了由混合压力旋流鼓风 (HPSA) 雾化器产生的标准和替代航空燃料的喷雾特性。使用相位多普勒风速仪研究了来自三种不同燃料 Jet-A (A-2)、JP-5 (A-3) 和 JP-5/法呢烷混合物 (C-3) 的喷雾的液滴尺寸和液滴速度. 在旋流器出口平面下游的三个轴向位置以及从喷雾中心线沿径向方向最多 30 毫米处获得空间分辨液滴测量值。较小$D_{10}$, $D_{32}$， 和 $\mathit{赞比亚}$ 当增加雾化器旋流器的压降时观察到（$\mathrm{\Delta }磷/磷$）。增加$\mathrm{\Delta }磷/磷$也增加了平均轴向速度。没有观察到粘度对液滴尺寸的明确趋势，而液-气表面张力显示出与液滴尺寸的弱相关性，因为其值在燃料之间变化很小。使用粒子间到达时间分布函数检查喷雾不稳定。还使用现象学三步模型开发了一个半经验模型，用于 HPSA 雾化器的雾化过程，并用于预测本工作中发动机冷启动条件下的液滴尺寸值以及早期工作中提出的接近稀薄爆裂条件.