Objective The aim of this study was to assess the impact of pediatric antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bloodstream infections (GNBSIs).

Methods A retrospective cohort study (2009–2016) was conducted using the Premier Healthcare Database among pediatric admissions with GNBSIs at hospitals reporting microbiology data. Infections for neonates and nonneonates were classified as multidrug resistance (MDR), resistant to one or two antibiotic drug classes (1–2DR), or susceptible.

Results Among 1,276 GNBSIs, 266 (20.8%) infections were 1–2DR and 23 (1.8%) MDR. Compared with susceptible GNBSIs, MDR nonneonates had higher mortality and higher costs, whereas 1–2DR neonates had longer stays and higher costs.

Conclusions Antimicrobial-resistant GNBSIs were associated with worse outcomes among pediatric hospitalized patients.

目的 本研究的目的是评估儿科抗生素耐药革兰氏阴性血流感染 (GNBSI) 的影响。

方法 一项回顾性队列研究（2009-2016 年）使用 Premier Healthcare Database 在报告微生物学数据的医院的 GNBSI 儿科入院病例中进行。新生儿和非新生儿的感染被分类为多药耐药（MDR）、对一种或两种抗生素药物类别（1-2DR）耐药或敏感。

结果 在 1,276 个 GNBSI 中，266 个（20.8%）感染为 1-2DR 和 23 个（1.8%）MDR。与易感 GNBSI 相比，MDR 非新生儿死亡率更高，费用更高，而 1-2DR 新生儿住院时间更长，费用更高。

结论 抗生素耐药性 GNBSI 与儿科住院患者较差的预后相关。