Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents one of the major public health concerns worldwide due to the increase in TBI incidence as a result of injuries from daily life accidents such as sports and motor vehicle transportation as well as military-related practices. This type of central nervous system trauma is known to predispose patients to several neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, chronic trauamatic encephalopathy, and age-related Dementia. Recently, several proteomic and lipidomic platforms have been applied on different TBI studies to investigate TBI-related mechanisms that have broadened our understanding of its distinct neuropathological complications. In this study, we provide an updated comprehensive overview of the current knowledge and novel perspectives of the spatially resolved microproteomics and microlipidomics approaches guided by mass spectrometry imaging used in TBI studies and its applications in the neurotrauma field. In this regard, we will discuss the use of the spatially resolved microproteomics and assess the different microproteomic sampling methods such as laser capture microdissection, parafilm assisted microdissection, and liquid microjunction extraction as accurate and precise techniques in the field of neuroproteomics. Additionally, we will highlight lipid profiling applications and their prospective potentials in characterizing molecular processes involved in the field of TBI. Specifically, we will discuss the phospholipid metabolism acting as a precursor for proinflammatory molecules such as eicosanoids. Finally, we will survey the current state of spatial neuroproteomics and microproteomics applications and present the various studies highlighting their findings in these fields.

中文翻译：

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通过质谱成像引导的空间组学研究神经创伤：目标识别和临床应用

创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 是全球主要的公共卫生问题之一，因为运动和机动车辆运输等日常生活事故以及军事相关实践造成的伤害导致 TBI 发病率增加。众所周知，这种类型的中枢神经系统创伤会使患者易患多种神经系统疾病，例如帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、慢性创伤性脑病和与年龄相关的痴呆症。最近，几个蛋白质组学和脂质组学平台已应用于不同的 TBI 研究，以研究 TBI 相关机制，这些机制拓宽了我们对其独特的神经病理并发症的理解。在这项研究中，我们提供了对 TBI 研究中使用的质谱成像指导的空间分辨微蛋白质组学和微脂质组学方法的当前知识和新观点的最新全面概述及其在神经创伤领域的应用。在这方面，我们将讨论空间分辨微蛋白质组学的使用，并评估不同的微蛋白质组学采样方法，如激光捕获显微切割、副膜辅助显微切割和液体微连接提取作为神经蛋白质组学领域的准确和精确技术。此外，我们将重点介绍脂质分析应用及其在表征 TBI 领域中涉及的分子过程方面的潜在潜力。具体来说，我们将讨论作为促炎分子（如花生酸）前体的磷脂代谢。最后，我们将调查空间神经蛋白质组学和微蛋白质组学应用的现状，并介绍突出他们在这些领域的发现的各种研究。