A combination of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and magnetic gradiometry was selected to examine a hypothesis concerning the presence of remains of one of the oldest archaeological churches in the Rhineland, located in Neuss-Norf, Germany. The gradiometer survey was carried out to measure the vertical gradient of the magnetic field using a proton precession magnetometer along several profiles. The magnetic data were reduced to the magnetic pole; then analytic signal and power spectrum techniques were applied. The ERT survey was based on the magnetic results, and both Wenner and dipole–dipole configurations were employed to collect the apparent resistivity data along 12 ERT profiles. The field ERT data from these two arrays were merged into one dataset to form a non-conventional mixed array. The robust (blocky) inversion technique was applied to the resistivity data in order to derive the two-dimensional resistivity distribution of the subsurface. Despite the noisy surroundings, the magnetic survey was able to give an indication of potential walls of the ancient church in addition to several subsurface magnetic sources. Moreover, highly resistivity anomalies were observed within the first 1–2 m of the subsurface soil and were interpreted as possible remains of man-made structures. This depth range was also confirmed by the spectral analysis of the magnetic data. A strong consistency between the two methods was observed in some locations of the site. In addition, the ERT measurements confirm and complement most of the magnetic results. We successfully detected anomalous zones that could be associated with the walls of at least one ancient church building in addition to several possible archaeological structures in the survey area.

中文翻译：

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使用电阻率层析成像和磁数据在德国诺伊斯诺夫进行考古地球物理勘探

选择电阻率断层扫描 (ERT) 和磁梯度测量的组合来检验关于位于德国诺伊斯诺夫的莱茵兰最古老的考古教堂之一的遗迹存在的假设。使用质子进动磁力计沿几个剖面进行梯度计测量以测量磁场的垂直梯度。磁数据被缩减到磁极；然后应用了分析信号和功率谱技术。ERT 勘测基于磁结果，并采用温纳和偶极-偶极配置沿 12 个 ERT 剖面收集视电阻率数据。来自这两个阵列的现场 ERT 数据合并为一个数据集，形成一个非常规的混合阵列。将稳健（块状）反演技术应用于电阻率数据，以推导出地下二维电阻率分布。尽管周围环境嘈杂，但除了几个地下磁源外，磁力测量还能够显示出这座古老教堂的潜在墙壁。此外，在地下土壤的前 1-2 m 内观察到高电阻率异常，并被解释为可能的人造结构遗迹。该深度范围也通过磁数据的光谱分析得到证实。在站点的某些位置观察到两种方法之间的强一致性。此外，ERT 测量确认并补充了大部分磁性结果。