Inorganic electrode materials of low cost, lower complexity, and high stability have become the more preferred choice over enzyme usage in electrochemical sensors. In this work, copper oxide (CuO) nanorods (NRs) were synthesized on copper foil as electrodes through anodization and annealing processes. The synthesized electrodes were used to analyse the organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) and interference molecules by cyclic voltammetry. The CuO NR sensor was able to identify and quantify different kinds of OPPs with an elevated sensitivity of 1.269, 1.425, 1.657, and 2.833 μA/ng mL^-1 for chlorpyrifos, parathion, paraoxon, and pirimiphos and explicitly separate them from interference molecules (i.e., carbaryl, paraquat, sodium nitrate, sodium sulphate, and toluene). Moreover, this electrochemical pesticide sensor achieved a very low limit of detection (LOD) in the 10^-7 molar level with a high selectivity among all tested analytes. The LOD for each pesticide ranged from 0.29 to 0.61 μM, revealing the ability to define the maximum residue limit in food. In short, our enzyme-free CuO NR sensor is a promising platform to deliver a fast, low-cost, and reliable pesticide detection unit.

中文翻译：

---

使用铜 (II) 氧化物纳米棒电极开发用于有机磷农药检测的非酶电化学传感器

低成本、低复杂性和高稳定性的无机电极材料已成为电化学传感器中酶使用的更优选选择。在这项工作中，通过阳极氧化和退火工艺在铜箔上合成了氧化铜 (CuO) 纳米棒 (NRs) 作为电极。合成的电极用于通过循环伏安法分析有机磷农药 (OPP) 和干扰分子。CuO NR 传感器能够识别和量化不同种类的 OPP，灵敏度分别为 1.269、1.425、1.657 和 2.833  μ A/ng mL ^-1毒死蜱、对硫磷、对氧磷和嘧啶磷，并将它们与干扰分子（即西维因、百草枯、硝酸钠、硫酸钠和甲苯）明确分开。此外，该电化学农药传感器在 10 ^-7摩尔水平下实现了非常低的检测限 (LOD)，并在所有测试分析物中具有高选择性。对于每个农药的LOD范围从0.29至0.61  μ男，露出，以限定在食品的最大残留极限的能力。简而言之，我们的无酶 CuO NR 传感器是提供快速、低成本和可靠的农药检测单元的有前途的平台。