The purpose of this paper is to examine the opportunities and barriers of Integrated Human-Machine Intelligence (IHMI) in civil engineering. Integrating artificial intelligence's high efficiency and repeatability with humans' adaptability in various contexts can advance timely and reliable decision-making during civil engineering projects and emergencies. Successful cases in other domains, such as biomedical science, healthcare, and transportation, showed the potential of IHMI in data-driven, knowledge-based decision-making in numerous civil engineering applications. However, whether the industry and academia are ready to embrace the era of IHMI and maximize its benefit to the industry is still questionable due to several knowledge gaps. This paper thus calls for future studies in exploring the value, method, and challenges of applying IHMI in civil engineering. Our systematic review of the literature and motivating cases has identified four knowledge gaps in achieving effective IHMI in civil engineering. First, it is unknown what types of tasks in the civil engineering domain can be assisted by AI and to what extent. Second, the interface between human and AI in civil engineering-related tasks need more precise and formal definition. Third, the barriers that impede collecting detailed behavioral data from humans and contextual environments deserve systematic classification and prototyping. Lastly, it is unknown what expected and unexpected impacts will IHMI have on the AEC industry and entrepreneurship. Analyzing these knowledge gaps led to a list of identified research questions. This paper will lay the foundation for identifying relevant studies to form a research roadmap to address the four knowledge gaps identified.

中文翻译：

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面向土木工程的集成人机智能：跨学科视角

本文的目的是研究集成人机智能 (IHMI) 在土木工程中的机会和障碍。将人工智能的高效率和可重复性与人类在各种情况下的适应性相结合，可以在土木工程项目和紧急情况下推进及时、可靠的决策。其他领域的成功案例，如生物医学科学、医疗保健和交通运输，显示了 IHMI 在众多土木工程应用中数据驱动、基于知识的决策中的潜力。然而，工业界和学术界是否准备好迎接 IHMI 时代并最大限度地提高其为行业带来的利益，由于一些知识空白，仍然值得怀疑。因此，本文呼吁未来的研究探索价值、方法、以及在土木工程中应用 IHMI 的挑战。我们对文献和激励案例的系统审查确定了在土木工程中实现有效 IHMI 的四个知识差距。首先，人工智能可以辅助哪些类型的土木工程任务以及在多大程度上辅助是未知的。其次，土木工程相关任务中人与人工智能之间的接口需要更精确和正式的定义。第三，阻碍从人类和上下文环境收集详细行为数据的障碍值得系统分类和原型设计。最后，不知道IHMI会对AEC产业和创业产生什么预期和意外的影响。分析这些知识差距导致了一系列已确定的研究问题。