Japan recently approved quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine for males, but 9-valent vaccine is only approved for females. Given the low female vaccination rate due to a concern of adverse events in Japan, quantifying the risk and benefit of the HPV vaccination for male may help the decision making to vaccinate adolescent boys in Japan. Using quality-adjusted life years, the risk-benefit ratio for an adolescent boy to get the 9-valent HPV vaccination was calculated. The male HPV vaccination reduced the QALY gain due to head and neck cancer, anal cancer, penile cancer, genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis by 401.63, 20.38, 9.40, 28.79 and 69.13/100,000 vaccinated persons, respectively. The total risk of the vaccination was 11.85. The risk-benefit ratio for a 12-year old boy to receive the HPV vaccination series is calculated as 0.022 (the benefit-risk ratio 44.67). In the sensitivity analysis the risk-benefit ratio ranged from 0.0001 to 0.11. for all scenarios. The much larger benefit compared with the risk for the male HPV vaccination was observed from an individual perspective. The result supports the inclusion of sex-neutral HPV vaccination into the national immunization program as well as the decision making for adolescent boys to get the vaccination.

中文翻译：

---

从个体角度对青春期男孩进行 9 价 HPV 疫苗接种的风险效益分析。

日本最近批准了用于男性的四价人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗，但仅批准用于女性的九价疫苗。由于担心日本的不良事件，女性疫苗接种率较低，量化男性 HPV 疫苗接种的风险和益处可能有助于日本青少年男孩接种疫苗的决策。使用质量调整生命年计算青春期男孩接种 9 价 HPV 疫苗的风险收益比。男性 HPV 疫苗接种使头颈癌、肛门癌、阴茎癌、生殖器疣和复发性呼吸道乳头状瘤病导致的 QALY 增益分别降低了 401.63、20.38、9.40、28.79 和 69.13/100,000 名接种者。接种疫苗的总风险为 11.85。一个 12 岁男孩接受 HPV 疫苗系列接种的风险收益比计算为 0.022（收益风险比 44.67）。在敏感性分析中，风险收益比在 0.0001 到 0.11 之间。适用于所有场景。从个体角度观察到与男性 HPV 疫苗接种风险相比更大的益处。该结果支持将性别中性 HPV 疫苗接种纳入国家免疫计划以及青春期男孩接种疫苗的决策。