Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important crop that is highly drought tolerant but susceptible to low temperatures. Many studies have begun to explore the genetic basis of variation in chilling sensitivity in the sorghum germplasm in an effort to improve sorghum's chilling tolerance. However, differences in genetic maps and updates to the sorghum reference genome have made comparing studies of chilling in sorghum challenging. Here, we review the current state of research on chilling tolerance and susceptibility in sorghum during germination and emergence, vegetative growth, and reproduction and harvest stages. Using the most recent sorghum reference genome (v3.1), we have standardized the locations of quantitative trait loci and marker-trait associations for chilling tolerance traits across the literature. This revealed substantial overlap between quantitative trait loci/marker-trait associations identified for similar traits across studies of different sorghum populations. Chromosomes 2, 3, and 6 contained particularly concentrated regions of markers associated with chilling tolerance traits. Although many studies have uncovered genetic variation for chilling responses in the sorghum germplasm, follow-up studies are needed to confirm and characterize the molecular mechanisms responsible for variation in chilling tolerance in sorghum. We discuss potential molecular mechanisms for cold stress tolerance based on agreements between studies and address the challenges and opportunities for increasing chilling tolerance in sorghum and other next-generation crops.

中文翻译：

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应对寒冷：高粱从发芽到成熟的冷胁迫

高粱 [ Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] 是一种重要的作物，高度耐旱但易受低温影响。许多研究已经开始探索高粱种质抗寒敏感性变异的遗传基础，以期提高高粱的抗寒性。然而，遗传图谱的差异和高粱参考基因组的更新使得高粱冷却的比较研究具有挑战性。在这里，我们回顾了高粱在发芽和出苗、营养生长以及繁殖和收获阶段的耐寒性和易感性的研究现状。使用最新的高粱参考基因组 (v3.1)，我们已经标准化了文献中抗寒性状的数量性状基因座和标记-性状关联的位置。这揭示了在不同高粱种群研究中为相似性状确定的数量性状基因座/标记-性状关联之间的大量重叠。染色体 2、3 和 6 包含特别集中的与耐寒性状相关的标记区域。尽管许多研究已经发现了高粱种质抗寒反应的遗传变异，但仍需要后续研究来确认和表征导致高粱抗寒性变异的分子机制。我们根据研究之间的协议讨论了耐冷胁迫的潜在分子机制，并解决了提高高粱和其他下一代作物耐寒性的挑战和机遇。