In this research, the hemicellulose extracted from the waste liquid of viscose fiber was modified by maleic anhydride. The modified material, hemicellulose maleate (HCMA), consisted of a large number of carboxyl branched chains and was used to disperse carbon black water slurry. The synthesis and characterization of HCMA were determined by degree of substitution, FT-IR, ¹³C-NMR, and TGA. The carbon black water slurry was prepared by ball-milling, and the dispersing performances were properly analyzed by LPSA, Zetasizer Nano, UV-Vis, SEM, and centrifuge method. The HCMA demonstrated effective activity in dispersing carbon black, such as uniform dispersion, small particle size, and long stability for centrifugation, temperature change, and storage. Adding 10 % HCMA, the carbon black water slurry achieve optimal stability, and the particle size reached 0.033 µm. When the dispersed carbon black water slurry was used for dyed viscose staple fiber, the black viscose staple fiber showed uniform color and strong color fastness. The properties of dry breaking strength, wet breaking strength, breaking elongation, variation index, and so on perfectly met the technological requirements. Hemicellulose maleate used for dispersing carbon black water slurry demonstrates good application prospects for dyed viscose staple fiber.

本研究对从粘胶纤维废液中提取的半纤维素进行顺酐改性。改性材料马来酸半纤维素（HCMA）由大量羧基支链组成，用于分散炭黑水浆。HCMA的合成和表征通过取代度、FT-IR、¹³C-NMR 和 TGA。炭黑水浆采用球磨法制备，采用LPSA、Zetasizer Nano、UV-Vis、SEM、离心法对分散性能进行了适当分析。HCMA 在分散炭黑方面表现出有效的活性，例如分散均匀、粒径小以及离心、温度变化和储存的长期稳定性。添加10% HCMA，炭黑水浆达到最佳稳定性，粒径达到0.033 µm。将分散的炭黑水浆用于染色粘胶短纤维时，黑色粘胶短纤维颜色均匀，色牢度强。干断裂强度、湿断裂强度、断裂伸长率、变异指数等性能完全满足工艺要求。