This review includes a description of the origin and evolution of the term “dark matter” as an observationally needed element of the Universe structure. The first context of this term was in fact a “missing mass” which was discovered as a deficit of luminous matter to explain all the observed gravity governing the motion inside galaxies and between them. Generally, the missing mass can be explained by non-radiating baryons. However, later it was understood that dark matter plays a key role in cosmological models of the Universe as a whole, and it must be strictly non-baryonic in cosmology. The main role of dark matter is domination in gravitation, resulting in the large-scale structure development. Based on the role of dark matter in the evolution of the Universe, the astrophysicists–theorists have been able to formulate a list of its properties: it must be particles (bodies), without electromagnetic charge, dynamically cold (non-relativistic), and without self-interaction. However, specific particles that could make up dark matter are not found yet in laboratory experiments.

这篇评论包括对术语“暗物质”的起源和演化的描述，作为宇宙结构的观察需要的元素。这个术语的第一个上下文实际上是一个“缺失质量”，它被发现是由于缺乏发光物质来解释所有观察到的控制星系内部和星系之间运动的引力。一般来说，缺失的质量可以用非辐射重子来解释。然而，后来人们了解到，暗物质在整个宇宙的宇宙学模型中起着关键作用，它在宇宙学中必须是严格非重子的。暗物质的主要作用是支配引力，导致大尺度结构发展。基于暗物质在宇宙演化中的作用，天体物理学家和理论家已经能够制定出其性质的列表：它必须是粒子（物体），没有电磁电荷，动态冷（非相对论），没有自相互作用。然而，在实验室实验中还没有发现可以构成暗物质的特定粒子。