Environmental and dispersal filters are key determinants of species distributions of Amazonian tree communities. However, a comprehensive analysis of the role of environmental and dispersal filters is needed to understand the ecological and evolutionary processes that drive phylogenetic and taxonomic turnover of Amazonian tree communities. We compare measures of taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity in 41 one-hectare plots to test the relative importance of climate, soils, geology, geomorphology, pure spatial variables and the spatial variation of environmental drivers of phylogenetic and taxonomic turnover in Ecuadorian Amazon tree communities. We found low phylogenetic and high taxonomic turnover with respect to environmental and dispersal filters. In addition, our results suggest that climate is a significantly better predictor of phylogenetic turnover and taxonomic turnover than geomorphology and soils at all spatial scales. The influence of climate as a predictor of phylogenetic turnover was stronger at broader spatial scales (50 km²) whereas geomorphology and soils appear to be better predictors of taxonomic turnover at mid (5 km²) and fine spatial scales (0.5 km²) but a weak predictor of phylogenetic turnover at broad spatial scales. We also found that the combined effect of geomorphology and soils was significantly higher for taxonomic turnover at all spatial scales but not for phylogenetic turnover at large spatial scales. Geographic distances as proxy of dispersal limitation was a better predictor of phylogenetic turnover at distances of 50 < 500 km. Our findings suggest that climatic variation at regional scales can better predict phylogenetic and taxonomic turnover than geomorphology and soils.

环境和扩散过滤器是亚马逊树群落物种分布的关键决定因素。然而，需要对环境和扩散过滤器的作用进行全面分析，以了解驱动亚马逊树群落系统发育和分类学更替的生态和进化过程。我们比较了 41 个一公顷地块中分类学和系统发育 β 多样性的测量值，以测试厄瓜多尔亚马逊树木群落中气候、土壤、地质、地貌、纯空间变量和环境驱动因素的空间变异的相对重要性。我们发现环境和扩散过滤器的系统发育低和分类学周转率高。此外，我们的研究结果表明，在所有空间尺度上，气候比地貌学和土壤更能预测系统发育周转和分类周转。气候作为系统发育周转预测因子的影响在更广泛的空间尺度（50 km² ) 而地貌学和土壤似乎可以更好地预测中等 (5 km ² ) 和精细空间尺度 (0.5 km ² ) 的分类周转，但在广泛的空间尺度上对系统发育周转的预测较弱。我们还发现，地貌和土壤的综合效应对于所有空间尺度的分类周转率都显着更高，但对于大空间尺度的系统发育周转率则不然。地理距离作为扩散限制的代表是在 50 < 500 公里距离处系统发育周转的更好预测指标。我们的研究结果表明，与地貌和土壤相比，区域尺度的气候变化可以更好地预测系统发育和分类转换。