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On Borromean links and related structures
Acta Crystallographica Section A: Foundations and Advances ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-29 , DOI: 10.1107/s2053273321005568
Michael O'Keeffe 1 , Michael M J Treacy 2
Affiliation  

The creation of knotted, woven and linked molecular structures is an exciting and growing field in synthetic chemistry. Presented here is a description of an extended family of structures related to the classical `Borromean rings', in which no two rings are directly linked. These structures may serve as templates for the designed synthesis of Borromean polycatenanes. Links of n components in which no two are directly linked are termed `n-Borromean' [Liang & Mislow (1994). J. Math. Chem.16, 27–35]. In the classic Borromean rings the components are three rings (closed loops). More generally, they may be a finite number of periodic objects such as graphs (nets), or sets of strings related by translations as in periodic chain mail. It has been shown [Chamberland & Herman (2015). Math. Intelligencer, 37, 20–25] that the linking patterns can be described by complete directed graphs (known as tournaments) and those up to 13 vertices that are vertex-transitive are enumerated. In turn, these lead to ring-transitive (isonemal) n-Borromean rings. Optimal piecewise-linear embeddings of such structures are given in their highest-symmetry point groups. In particular, isonemal embeddings with rotoinversion symmetry are described for three, five, six, seven, nine, ten, 11, 13 and 14 rings. Piecewise-linear embeddings are also given of isonemal 1- and 2-periodic polycatenanes (chains and chain mail) in their highest-symmetry setting. Also the linking of n-Borromean sets of interleaved honeycomb nets is described.

中文翻译:

关于 Borromean 链接和相关结构

打结、编织和连接的分子结构的创建是合成化学中一个令人兴奋且不断发展的领域。这里介绍的是与经典“Borromean 环”相关的扩展结构家族的描述,其中没有两个环直接相连。这些结构可以作为设计合成 Borromean 多链烷烃的模板。没有两个直接链接的n 个组件的链接被称为“ n -Borromean”[Liang & Mislow (1994)。J. 数学。化学 16, 27–35]。在经典的 Borromean 环中,组件是三个环(闭环)。更一般地说,它们可能是有限数量的周期性对象,例如图(网),或通过翻译相关的字符串集,如周期性连锁邮件。它已被展示 [Chamberland & Herman (2015)。数学。Intelligencer , 37 , 20–25] 链接模式可以通过完整的有向图(称为锦标赛)来描述,并且列举了最多 13 个顶点传递的顶点。反过来,这些导致环传递(同性)n- Borromean 戒指。这种结构的最佳分段线性嵌入在它们的最高对称点组中给出。特别是,描述了 3、5、6、7、9、10、11、13 和 14 个环的具有旋转反转对称性的等线嵌入。在最高对称性设置中,还给出了等线 1 和 2 周期多链环(链和链甲)的分段线性嵌入。还描述了n -Borromean 组交错蜂窝网的链接。
更新日期:2021-09-02
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