Light concentrators are crucial devices for photon-counting instruments, the optical characteristics of which affect the photoelectric response for the sensors. The designs that only aim to the light transmission have been proved far from optimum for the Geiger-mode calorimeters due to the significant influence from the angle-dependent reflectance, versatile light trajectories, and saturation of fired avalanche photodiodes (APDs). In this paper, we took into account these coupling effects, presented a novel approach to solve the problems in global optimization for light concentrators in combination with silicon photomultiplier (SiPM). In addition, a new probability method is studied and used to restore the photon counting for precise reconstruction of cosmic-ray air showers. The Monte-Carlo experiment verified that the new system design features a high accurate energy scaling for cosmic-ray measurement. The results also indicate that the precision is able to be improved by at least one order in magnitude.

中文翻译：

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盖革模式宇宙射线切伦科夫量热仪聚光器的全局优化

聚光器是光子计数仪器的关键设备，其光学特性会影响传感器的光电响应。由于角度相关反射率、通用光轨迹和触发雪崩光电二极管 (APD) 的饱和度的显着影响，仅针对光传输的设计已被证明远非盖革模式热量计的最佳选择。在本文中，我们考虑了这些耦合效应，提出了一种新的方法来解决与硅光电倍增管 (SiPM) 相结合的聚光器全局优化问题。此外，研究并使用一种新的概率方法来恢复光子计数，以精确重建宇宙射线空气簇射。蒙特卡罗实验验证了新的系统设计具有用于宇宙射线测量的高精度能量缩放。结果还表明，精度能够至少提高一个数量级。